id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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S15842 R65221 |
Bromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 | Major congenital anomaly | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.01 [0.16;6.20] C excluded (control group) |
2/70 3/106 | 5 | 70 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S15843 R65234 |
Bromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 | Major congenital anomaly | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No |
0.75 [0.12;4.65] C excluded (exposition period) |
2/70 3/80 | 5 | 70 |
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S15825 R65173 |
Cohen (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 | Major congenital malformations (excluding genetic/chromosomal) | 1st trimester | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping |
0.78 [0.53;1.13] excluded (control group) |
30/1,040 314/8,339 | 344 | 1,040 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S15826 R65175 |
Cohen (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2023 | Major congenital malformations (excluding genetic/chromosomal) | 1st trimester | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed (general population or NOS) | Adjustment: No Partial overlapping | 0.95 [0.66;1.36] C | 30/1,040 147,928/4,866,362 | 147,958 | 1,040 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S15854 R65264 |
Li (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 | Major congenital malformation | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
0.35 [0.01;18.06] C excluded (control group) |
0/107 0/38 | 0 | 107 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S15855 R65266 |
Li (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 | Major congenital malformation | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No |
0.15 [0.01;2.72] C excluded (exposition period) |
0/107 7/253 | 7 | 107 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S12502 R47876 |
Mari (Levetiracetam), 2022 | Major foetal malformation | throughout pregnancy | retrospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.64 [0.01;34.59] C | 0/17 0/11 | 0 | 17 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S12688 R47924 |
Alsfouk (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 | Major congenital malformation | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
0.11 [0.00;2.39] C excluded (control group) |
0/24 2/15 | 2 | 24 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S12686 R47922 |
Alsfouk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 | Major congenital malformation | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded | retrospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No |
0.40 [0.02;10.39] C excluded (exposition period) |
0/24 1/30 | 1 | 24 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S12884 R48689 |
Hosny (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 | Major birth defects | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
0.04 [0.00;2.38] C excluded (control group) |
2/67 0/1 | 2 | 67 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S12885 R48692 |
Hosny (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 | Major birth defects | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.62 [0.05;7.15] C | 2/67 1/21 | 3 | 67 |
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S12824 R48265 |
Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 | Major congenital malformations | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
2.43 [0.28;21.33] C excluded (control group) |
5/106 1/50 | 6 | 106 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7547 R22590 |
Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 | Major congenital malformations | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No |
0.97 [0.13;7.23] excluded (control group) |
1/30 11/319 | 12 | 30 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S12823 R48255 |
Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 | Major congenital malformations | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes | 1.16 [0.40;3.10] | 5/106 16/340 | 21 | 106 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7999 R24366 |
AlSheikh (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 | Fetal/neonatal malformation | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
2.29 [0.04;125.50] C excluded (control group) |
0/9 0/20 | 0 | 9 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S8000 R24368 |
AlSheikh (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020 | Fetal/neonatal malformation | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No |
0.25 [0.01;7.34] C excluded (exposition period) |
0/9 1/8 | 1 | 9 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7505 R22452 |
Meador (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 | Major congenital malformations | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.14 [0.32;4.07] C excluded (control group) |
5/97 5/110 | 10 | 97 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7495 R22422 |
Meador (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2020 | Major congenital malformations | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No |
2.83 [0.54;14.92] C excluded (control group) |
5/97 2/106 | 7 | 97 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7501 R22440 |
Meador (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020 | Major congenital malformations | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.76 [0.08;7.00] C | 5/97 1/15 | 6 | 97 |
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S7511 R27734 |
Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 | Congenital malformations | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: No | 1.50 [0.26;8.64] C | 2/30 4/88 | 6 | 30 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7772 R22981 |
Vajda (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2019 | Fetal malformations | at least 1st trimester | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
0.72 [0.27;1.96] C excluded (control group) |
5/139 20/406 | 25 | 139 |
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S7773 R22982 |
Vajda (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 | Fetal malformations | at least 1st trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 1.27 [0.37;4.29] | 5/139 5/176 | 10 | 139 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S8038 R24455 |
Koc (Levetiracetam), 2018 | Major congenital malformations | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded | retrospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No |
1.11 [0.02;57.82] C excluded (exposition period) |
0/28 0/31 | 0 | 28 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7651 R22630 |
Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2018 | Major congenital malformation | at least 1st trimester | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.96 [0.56;1.64] C | 17/599 74/2,514 | 91 | 599 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S10278 R37621 |
Razaz (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2017 | Major malformations | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.15 [0.26;5.08] C excluded (control group) |
2/40 22/503 | 24 | 40 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S10277 R37620 |
Razaz (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 | Major malformations | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.55 [0.38;6.45] C excluded (control group) |
2/40 46,632/1,424,279 | 46,634 | 40 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S10276 R37619 |
Razaz (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 | Major malformations | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No |
1.08 [0.26;4.54] C excluded (exposition period) |
2/40 87/1,868 | 89 | 40 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S301 R16635 |
Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015 | Major malformations | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded | retrospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: No |
2.24 [0.04;120.61] C excluded (exposition period) |
0/11 0/24 | 0 | 11 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S6240 R16453 |
Babic (Levetiracetam), 2014 | Major congential malformations | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: No |
2.14 [0.03;131.94] C excluded (exposition period) |
0/4 0/8 | 0 | 4 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S6330 R17152 |
Veiby (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014 | Major malformations | throughout pregnancy | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No Partial overlapping |
0.44 [0.10;1.90] C excluded (control group) |
2/114 23/593 | 25 | 114 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S6331 R17153 |
Veiby (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 | Major malformations | throughout pregnancy | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping |
0.66 [0.16;2.67] excluded (control group) |
2/114 22,371/771,412 | 22,373 | 114 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S6332 R17154 |
Veiby (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 | Major malformations | throughout pregnancy | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No Partial overlapping | 0.62 [0.15;2.53] C | 2/114 106/3,773 | 108 | 114 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S5938 R15200 |
Hernández-Díaz (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2012 | Major congenital malformations | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications |
0.80 [0.30;2.10] excluded (control group) |
-/- -/- | - | - |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7933 R24009 |
Hernández-Díaz (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2012 | Major congenital malformations | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: No | 2.20 [0.80;6.40] | 11/450 5/442 | 16 | 450 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S6063 R15765 |
Morrow (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 | Major congenital malformation | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
0.68 [0.04;11.54] C excluded (control group) |
0/22 21/647 | 21 | 22 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S6064 R15772 |
Morrow (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 | Major congenital malformation | 1st trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.60 [0.03;10.72] C | 0/22 8/227 | 8 | 22 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 11 studies | 1.01 [0.78;1.31] | 148,227 | 2,681 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives |
1: Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, NOS; 2: Levetiracetam; 3: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick; 4: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick; 5: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick; 6: Levetiracetam; 7: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick; 8: Levetiracetam; 9: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick; 10: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free; 11: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick;
Asymetry test p-value = 0.9365 (by Egger's regression)
slope=0.0016 (0.1344); intercept=0.0252 (0.3077); t=0.0819; p=0.9365
excluded 6063, 5938, 6330, 6331, 10278, 10277, 7772, 7999, 7505, 7495, 12688, 12884, 12824, 7547, 15842, 15825, 15854