id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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S15842 R65224 |
Bromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 | Language mean score ≤ 86 (below average performance of the cohort mean) - Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - At 24 months of age | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.88 [0.48;7.35] C excluded (control group) |
5/51 4/73 | 9 | 51 |
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S15843 R65237 |
Bromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 | Language mean score ≤ 86 (below average performance of the cohort mean) - Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - At 24 months of age | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 1.63 [0.37;7.23] C | 5/51 3/48 | 8 | 51 |
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S15849 R65255 |
Meador (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 | Verbal Index score < 85 - Average scores on 2 subtests of Differential Ability ScalesII (DASII), Expressive Communication and Auditory Comprehension subscales of Preschool Language Scale5 (PLS5), and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT4) - At age 3 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
0.97 [0.21;4.50] C excluded (control group) |
3/67 4/87 | 7 | 67 |
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S15850 R65257 |
Meador (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 | Verbal Index score - Average scores on 2 subtests of Differential Ability ScalesII (DASII), Expressive Communication and Auditory Comprehension subscales of Preschool Language Scale5 (PLS5), and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT4) - At age 3 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: Yes extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 0.81 [0.47;1.39] | -/73 -/106 | - | 73 |
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S10072 R36667 |
Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 | Visits to a speech therapist (mean age of 3.7 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: Yes |
0.70 [0.40;1.10] excluded (control group) |
22/621 122/2,108 | 144 | 621 |
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S7807 R23119 |
Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 | Health care utilization: Speech therapy (mean age of 3.6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed (general population or NOS) | Adjustment: Yes | 0.80 [0.60;1.30] | 22/621 72,012/1,710,441 | 72,034 | 621 |
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S7712 R22901 |
Husebye (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 | Language impairment age 8 years (Language 20) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort propective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
0.71 [0.07;6.89] C excluded (control group) |
1/6 9/41 | 10 | 6 |
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S7702 R22881 |
Husebye (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2020 | Language impairment age 8 years (Language 20) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort propective | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: Yes |
0.70 [0.10;6.00] excluded (control group) |
1/6 8,250/42,550 | 8,251 | 6 |
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S7707 R22891 |
Husebye (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020 | Language impairment age 8 years (Language 20) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort propective | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.66 [0.07;5.81] C | 1/6 35/150 | 36 | 6 |
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S7308 R21193 |
Bromley (Levetiracetam), 2016 | Verbal abilities <85 (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) / Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)) (5-9 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (registry) | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.31 [0.03;2.89] C | 1/42 4/55 | 5 | 42 |
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S9949 R35787 |
Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 | Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Hearing and speech (at the age of 7 months) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
1.00 [0.16;6.30] excluded (control group) |
-/7 -/8 | - | 7 |
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S9951 R35799 |
Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 | Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Hearing and speech (at the age of 7 months) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 2.61 [0.62;10.93] | -/7 -/59 | - | 7 |
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S6762 R19108 |
Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011 | Hearing and language (Griffiths scale) | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.09 [0.59;2.01] | -/51 -/97 | - | 51 |
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Total | 7 studies | 0.89 [0.68;1.16] | 72,083 | 851 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives |
1: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Controls unexposed, disease free; 3: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS; 4: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick; 5: Levetiracetam; 6: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free; 7: Levetiracetam;
Asymetry test p-value = 0.5693 (by Egger's regression)
slope=-0.2322 (0.2300); intercept=0.3895 (0.6399); t=0.6088; p=0.5693
excluded 9949, 10072, 7712, 7702, 15842, 15849