Levetiracetam (Epilepsy)

ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15871
R65398
Dreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 Autism spectrum disorder - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.62 [0.30;1.30] C
excluded (control group)
8/1,061   64/5,288 72 1,061
ref
S15872
R65406
Dreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Autism spectrum disorder - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.85 [0.37;1.94] 8/1,061   323/22,203 331 1,061
ref
S10072
R36665
Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Diagnosis Pervasive developmental disorders (F84) (mean age of 3.7 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.80 [0.50;6.60]
excluded (control group)
4/621   7/2,108 11 621
ref
S7807
R23115
Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Diagnosis Pervasive developmental disorders (F84) (mean age of 3.6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 2.50 [0.90;6.60] 4/621   4,280/1,710,441 4,284 621
ref
S7511
R22513
Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder throughout pregnancy prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 0.72 [0.08;6.75] C 1/30   4/88 5 30
ref
Total 3 studies 1.28 [0.57;2.85] 4,620 1,712
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Dreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Dreier, 2023 1 0.85[0.37; 1.94]3311,06149%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Coste, 2020 2 2.50[0.90; 6.60]4,28462140%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019Huber-Mollema, 2019 3 0.72[0.08; 6.75]53011%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 32% 1.28[0.57; 2.85]4,6201,7120.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS; 3: Levetiracetam;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.28[0.57; 2.85]4,6201,71232%NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.50[0.92; 6.77]4,284621 -NACoste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.85[0.37; 1.95]3311,061 -NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 0.72[0.08; 6.75]530 -NAHuber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.72[0.08; 6.75]530 -NAHuber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.40[0.49; 4.03]4,6151,68262%NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 2 All studiesAll studies 1.28[0.57; 2.85]4,6201,71232%NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 30.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 10072, 15871

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.50[0.92; 6.77]4,284621 -NACoste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.85[0.37; 1.95]3311,061 -NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.80[0.43; 1.48]881,7120%NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 30.510.01.0