| id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S17439 R73294 |
Madley-Dowd_SE (Valproate) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 | Intellectual disability (intelligence quotient below 70) - ICD-8/9/10 codes - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups° | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No Partial overlapping |
4.76 [3.06;7.40] C excluded (control group) |
51/792 34/2,383 | 85 | 792 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S17440 R73295 |
Madley-Dowd_SE (Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 | Intellectual disability (intelligence quotient below 70) - ICD-8/9/10 codes - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping | 2.81 [2.05;3.85] | 51/792 194/10,769 | 245 | 792 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S17256 R72247 |
Madley-Dowd_UK (Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 | Intellectual disability - ICD10 codes - Median follow up 9.32 (5.54-12.83) years old | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes | 1.35 [0.28;6.56] | -/354 13/4,075 | - | 354 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S16767 R70416 |
Stjerna (Valproate) (Epilepsy), 2024 | Full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ continuous) - The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) - At 6-7 years old | throughout pregnancy | retrospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: Yes extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.74 [0.76;3.97] | -/25 -/74 | - | 25 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S15877 R65487 |
Dreier (Valproate) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 | Intellectual disability - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort propective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
6.69 [4.47;10.02] C excluded (control group) |
81/1,952 34/5,288 | 115 | 1,952 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S15878 R65485 |
Dreier (Valproate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 | Intellectual disability - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort propective | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes | 2.70 [1.94;3.74] | 81/1,952 184/22,203 | 265 | 1,952 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S15866 R65318 |
Thomas a (Valproate), 2022 | Full-scale IQ - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or Adult - Ages 13 to 21 years (mean of 16.5 ± 2.2 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.31 [0.38;4.52] | -/33 -/11 | - | 33 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S7309 R53644 |
Bromley (Valproate), 2016 | Full-scale IQ <85 (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) / Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)) (5-9 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (registry) | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 4.11 [1.04;16.19] C | 9/47 3/55 | 12 | 47 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S8321 R53641 |
Baker (Valproate) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2015 | Mean child Full scale IQ - Differential ability scales (DAS) (age mean >6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
3.48 [1.49;8.14] excluded (control group) |
-/51 -/29 | - | 51 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S8320 R53642 |
Baker (Valproate) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2015 | IQ <85 - Differential ability scales (DAS) (age mean >6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: Yes |
6.83 [3.02;15.45] excluded (control group) |
-/51 -/210 | - | 51 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S8328 R53643 |
Baker (Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015 | Mean child Full scale IQ - Differential ability scales (DAS) (age mean >6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 3.76 [1.54;9.19] | -/51 -/25 | - | 51 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S7304 R53648 |
Meador (Valproate), 2013 | IQ <85 (DAS) (at 6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: Yes | 7.02 [1.42;34.66] C | 8/49 2/74 | 10 | 49 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S7168 R53649 |
Nadebaum (Valproate), 2011 | Full-scale child's IQ (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 5.19 [1.20;22.40] | -/23 -/9 | - | 23 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S6123 R53654 |
Titze (Valproate) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2008 | Learning disability (IQ<70) (German versions of the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scales for children and for adults) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No Matched |
19.40 [0.31;1195.39] C excluded (control group) |
0/3 0/49 | 0 | 3 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S6124 R53655 |
Titze (Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 | Learning disability (IQ<70) (German versions of the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scales for children and for adults) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 1.53 [0.05;49.80] C | 0/3 1/13 | 1 | 3 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S5543 R53650 |
Viinikainen (Valproate) b, 2006 | Full Scale IQ (FIQ) < 1SD Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC III) | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No Matched | 18.33 [0.88;380.72] C | 5/13 0/13 | 5 | 13 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S6782 R53656 |
Vinten (Valproate), 2005 | IQ score <69 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC III) (Aged between 6 and 16 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 3.47 [1.14;10.56] C | 9/41 6/80 | 15 | 41 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S7175 R53640 |
Adab (Valproate), 2004 | Mean Full Scale IQ (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)) (Aged between 6 and 16 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.26 [0.64;2.50] | -/41 -/80 | - | 41 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S7235 R53645 |
Gaily (Valproate) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004 | Full scale IQ (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised (WPPSI-R) or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC-R)) | 2nd and/or 3rd trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
2.40 [0.85;6.75] excluded (control group) |
-/13 -/140 | - | 13 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S7237 R53646 |
Gaily (Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 | Full scale IQ (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised (WPPSI-R) or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC-R)) | 2nd and/or 3rd trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.82 [0.59;5.59] | -/13 -/45 | - | 13 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 14 studies | 2.58 [2.13;3.12] | 553 | 3,437 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1: Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy; 3: Valproate) (Epilepsy; 4: Valproate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick; 5: Valproate; 6: Valproate; 7: Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick; 8: Valproate; 9: Valproate; 10: Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick; 11: Valproate) ; 12: Valproate; 13: Valproate; 14: Valproate) (Controls unexposed, sick;
Asymetry test p-value = 0.8557 (by Egger's regression)
slope=0.9244 (0.1652); intercept=0.0858 (0.4618); t=0.1858; p=0.8557
excluded 7235, 6123, 8321, 8320, 15877, 17439