Carbamazepine (Epilepsy)

Oro-facial clefts

id	Study   Auto Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2018Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014Hernández-Díaz (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2012	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S382 R16395	Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2018	Cleft lip or palate	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick	Adjustment: No	0.86 [0.14;5.13] C	2/1,957   3/2,514	5	1,957		ref
S6290 R16962	Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014	Facial cleft	1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick	Adjustment: No	2.54 [0.46;13.86] C	4/1,657   2/2,098	6	1,657		ref
S5937 R23781	Hernández-Díaz (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2012	Oral cleft	1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick	Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications	1.08 [0.34;3.41] C	5/1,033   7/1,562	12	1,033		ref
					Total	3 studies	1.27 [0.55;2.93]		23	4,647
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded