Carbamazepine (Epilepsy)

Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S10075
R36697		 Coste (Carbamazepine), 2020 Diagnosis Mental retardation (F70–F79) (mean age of 3.7 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 0.57 [0.03;9.75] C 0/176   10/2,108 10 176
ref
S386
R17413		 Meador (Carbamazepine), 2013 IQ <70 (DAS) (at 4.5 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: Yes 7.04 [0.33;149.72] C 2/54   0/73 2 54
ref
S6941
R25097		 Cummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2011 Significant delay (score ≥2 SD below the mean) (Bayley Scales of Infant Development or the Griffiths Scale) (mean age in years: m1=3.0 and m0=2.7) throughout pregnancy retrospective cohort (registry) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 3.71 [0.17;79.77] C
excluded (control group) 		2/49   0/35 2 49
ref
S6939
R24920		 Cummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011 Significant delay (score ≥2 SD below the mean) (Bayley Scales of Infant Development or the Griffiths Scale) (mean age in years: m1=3.0 and m0=4.3) throughout pregnancy retrospective cohort (registry) unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No 1.83 [0.16;20.91] C 2/49   1/44 3 49
ref
Total 3 studies 1.83 [0.38;8.89] 15 279
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Coste (Carbamazepine), 2020Coste, 2020 1 0.57[0.03; 9.75]1017631%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Meador (Carbamazepine), 2013Meador, 2013 2 7.04[0.33; 149.72]25427%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: moderateROB mesure: lowROB reporting: low Cummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011Cummings, 2011 3 1.83[0.16; 20.91]34942%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 1.83[0.38; 8.89]152790.220.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Carbamazepine; 2: Carbamazepine; 3: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.83[0.38; 8.89]152790%NACoste (Carbamazepine), 2020 Meador (Carbamazepine), 2013 Cummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.83[0.16; 20.91]349 -NACummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 1.87[0.16; 21.96]1223028%NACoste (Carbamazepine), 2020 Meador (Carbamazepine), 2013 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.12[0.18; 7.09]132250%NACoste (Carbamazepine), 2020 Cummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011 2   - Yes  - Yes 7.04[0.33; 149.72]254 -NAMeador (Carbamazepine), 2013 1 All studiesAll studies 1.83[0.38; 8.89]152790%NACoste (Carbamazepine), 2020 Meador (Carbamazepine), 2013 Cummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011 30.220.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 6941

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.83[0.16; 20.91]349 -NACummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2011 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 2.28[0.41; 12.78]142790%NACoste (Carbamazepine), 2020 Meador (Carbamazepine), 2013 Cummings (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2011 30.510.01.0