Azoles (local routes only) updated on 01-29-2025

Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S4181
R9682		 Daniel - Clotrimazole and/or miconazole (Vaginal), 2018 Spontaneous abortions 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Route of exposure Azoles: Vaginal 1.11 [0.96;1.29] 182/3,246   6,321/62,137 6,503 3,246
ref
S10388
R38155		 Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls exposed to pivmecillinam), 2016 Spontaneous abortion (before week 22) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Vaginal 0.88 [0.68;1.13] C
excluded (control group) 		118/2,823   143/3,018 261 2,823
ref
S10386
R38151		 Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 Spontaneous abortion (before week 22) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Vaginal 0.98 [0.80;1.20] C 118/2,823   563/13,246 681 2,823
ref
Total 2 studies 1.06 [0.94;1.20] 7,184 6,069
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Daniel - Clotrimazole and/or miconazole (Vaginal), 2018Daniel - Clotrimazole and/or ..., 2018 1 1.11[0.96; 1.29]6,5033,24665%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazo..., 2016 2 0.98[0.80; 1.20]6812,82335%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.06[0.94; 1.20]7,1846,0690.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Vaginal; 2: Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.06[0.94; 1.20]7,1846,0690%NADaniel - Clotrimazole and/or miconazole (Vaginal), 2018 Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.06[0.94; 1.20]7,1846,0690%NADaniel - Clotrimazole and/or miconazole (Vaginal), 2018 Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.98[0.80; 1.20]6812,823 -NAMolgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.11[0.96; 1.29]6,5033,246 -NADaniel - Clotrimazole and/or miconazole (Vaginal), 2018 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Vaginal  - Vaginal 1.06[0.94; 1.20]7,1846,0690%NADaniel - Clotrimazole and/or miconazole (Vaginal), 2018 Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 2 All studiesAll studies 1.06[0.94; 1.20]7,1846,0690%NADaniel - Clotrimazole and/or miconazole (Vaginal), 2018 Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 10388

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.06[0.94; 1.20]7,1846,0690%NADaniel - Clotrimazole and/or miconazole (Vaginal), 2018 Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.88[0.68; 1.13]2612,823 -NAMolgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls exposed to pivmecillinam), 2016 10.510.01.0