Azoles (local routes only) updated on 01-29-2025

Oro-facial clefts

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S10366
R38029		 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 Oral clefts 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 0.90 [0.73;1.12] C 87/82,090   2,204/1,875,257 2,291 82,090
ref
S4260
R9865		 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 Cleft lip or palate 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 3.32 [0.21;53.11] C 1/492   1/1,629 2 492
ref
Total 2 studies 0.91 [0.73;1.13] 2,293 82,582
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020Zhu - Azoles, 2020 1 0.90[0.73; 1.12]2,29182,09099%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999Jick - Azole, 1999 2 3.32[0.21; 53.11]24921%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.91[0.73; 1.13]2,29382,5820.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Local routes; 2: Topical route;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.91[0.73; 1.13]2,29382,5820%NAZhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.91[0.73; 1.13]2,29382,5820%NAZhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.91[0.73; 1.13]2,29382,5820%NAZhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 2 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 0.91[0.73; 1.13]2,29382,5820%NAZhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 2 All studiesAll studies 0.91[0.73; 1.13]2,29382,5820%NAZhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.91[0.73; 1.13]2,29382,5820%NAZhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 20.510.01.0