Azoles (local routes only) updated on 01-29-2025

Polydactyly

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17524
R73731		 Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Poly/syndactyly 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 1.29 [0.63;2.63] 20/518   1,352/33,658 1,372 518
ref
S4260
R9863		 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 Polydactyly or syndactyly 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 0.66 [0.08;5.68] C 1/492   5/1,629 6 492
ref
Total 2 studies 1.21 [0.61;2.38] 1,378 1,010
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 1.29[0.63; 2.63]1,37251890%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999Jick - Azole, 1999 1 0.66[0.08; 5.68]649210%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.21[0.61; 2.38]1,3781,0100.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Topical route;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.66[0.08; 5.68]6492 -NAJick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 1 case control studiescase control studies 1.29[0.63; 2.64]1,372518 -NACzeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.21[0.61; 2.38]1,3781,0100%NACzeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.66[0.08; 5.68]6492 -NAJick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.29[0.63; 2.64]1,372518 -NACzeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 1 MatchedMatched 1.29[0.63; 2.64]1,372518 -NACzeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 1.21[0.61; 2.38]1,3781,0100%NACzeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 2 All studiesAll studies 1.21[0.61; 2.38]1,3781,0100%NACzeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.21[0.61; 2.38]1,3781,0100%NACzeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 20.510.01.0