Azoles (local routes only) updated on 01-29-2025

Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S10835
R40075		 Abdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 Isolated microcephaly (diagnosed at birth) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 0.30 [0.10;0.80] 7/45   102/282 109 45
ref
Total 1 studies 0.30 [0.11;0.85] 109 45
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Abdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000Abdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 0.30[0.10; 0.80]109450%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate0.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 0.30[0.11; 0.85]10945 -NAAbdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.30[0.11; 0.85]10945 -NAAbdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 0.30[0.11; 0.85]10945 -NAAbdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 1 MatchedMatched 0.30[0.11; 0.85]10945 -NAAbdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 0.30[0.11; 0.85]10945 -NAAbdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 1 All studiesAll studies 0.30[0.11; 0.85]10945 -NAAbdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 10.110.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale0.30[0.11; 0.85]10945 -NAAbdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 10.510.01.0