Azoles (local routes only) updated on 01-29-2025

Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17545
R73868		 Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 Anorectal atresia 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 3.27 [0.40;26.73] C 1/8   208/4,975 209 8
ref
S4268
R9888		 Kazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005 Rectal/anal atresia/stenosis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Vaginal 0.88 [0.05;14.21] C 0/98   220/38,273 220 98
ref
Total 2 studies 2.03 [0.38;10.86] 429 106
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 3.27[0.40; 26.73]209864%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Kazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005Kazy b - Metronidazole, 2005 1 0.88[0.05; 14.21]2209836%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 2.03[0.38; 10.86]4291060.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Vaginal;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 2.03[0.38; 10.86]4291060%NACarter - Clotrimazole, 2008 Kazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.03[0.38; 10.86]4291060%NACarter - Clotrimazole, 2008 Kazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.03[0.38; 10.86]4291060%NACarter - Clotrimazole, 2008 Kazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005 2 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 3.27[0.40; 26.73]2098 -NACarter - Clotrimazole, 2008 1   - Vaginal  - Vaginal 0.88[0.05; 14.21]22098 -NAKazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005 1 All studiesAll studies 2.03[0.38; 10.86]4291060%NACarter - Clotrimazole, 2008 Kazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.03[0.38; 10.86]4291060%NACarter - Clotrimazole, 2008 Kazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005 20.510.01.0