Ketoconazole (all routes except local only) updated on 01-29-2025

All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17565
R74044		 Molgaard-Nielsen, 2013 Major birth defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.08 [0.26;4.41] 2/72   25,159/968,236 25,161 72
ref
S17564
R74042		 Kazy, 2005 Congenital abnormality 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.40 [0.40;4.80] 5/11   22,838/60,983 22,843 11
ref
Total 2 studies 1.25 [0.49;3.18] 48,004 83
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Molgaard-Nielsen, 2013Molgaard-Nielsen, 2013 1.08[0.26; 4.41]25,1617244%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Kazy, 2005Kazy, 2005 1.40[0.40; 4.80]22,8431156%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.25[0.49; 3.18]48,004830.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.08[0.26; 4.45]25,16172 -NAMolgaard-Nielsen, 2013 1 case control studiescase control studies 1.40[0.40; 4.85]22,84311 -NAKazy, 2005 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.25[0.49; 3.18]48,004830%NAMolgaard-Nielsen, 2013 Kazy, 2005 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.25[0.49; 3.18]48,004830%NAMolgaard-Nielsen, 2013 Kazy, 2005 2 All studiesAll studies 1.25[0.49; 3.18]48,004830%NAMolgaard-Nielsen, 2013 Kazy, 2005 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.25[0.49; 3.18]48,004830%NAMolgaard-Nielsen, 2013 Kazy, 2005 20.510.01.0