Econazole updated on 01-29-2025

Neural Tube Defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S10628
R39294		 Carter, 2008 Neural tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 2.12 [0.09;52.15] C 0/1   750/5,523 750 1
ref
S17546
R73875		 Czeizel, 2003 Neural-tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Route of exposure Azoles: Vaginal 3.20 [0.70;13.90] 2/21   1,200/39,332 1,202 21
ref
Total 2 studies 2.97 [0.77;11.52] 1,952 22
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Carter, 2008Carter, 2008 2.12[0.09; 52.15]750118%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Czeizel, 2003Czeizel, 2003 3.20[0.70; 13.90]1,2022182%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 2.97[0.77; 11.52]1,952220.910.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 2.97[0.77; 11.52]1,952220%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.97[0.77; 11.52]1,952220%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.12[0.09; 52.15]7501 -NACarter, 2008 1   - Yes  - Yes 3.20[0.72; 14.26]1,20221 -NACzeizel, 2003 1 MatchedMatched 3.20[0.72; 14.26]1,20221 -NACzeizel, 2003 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 2.12[0.09; 52.15]7501 -NACarter, 2008 1   - Vaginal  - Vaginal 3.20[0.72; 14.26]1,20221 -NACzeizel, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 2.97[0.77; 11.52]1,952220%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.97[0.77; 11.52]1,952220%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 20.510.01.0