Econazole updated on 01-29-2025

Hypospadias

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S10628
R39297		 Carter, 2008 Hypospadias 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 2.05 [0.08;50.40] C 0/1   776/5,549 776 1
ref
S17546
R73878		 Czeizel, 2003 Hypospadias 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Route of exposure Azoles: Vaginal 2.90 [0.90;8.70] 4/23   3,034/41,166 3,038 23
ref
Total 2 studies 2.79 [0.96;8.13] 3,814 24
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Carter, 2008Carter, 2008 2.05[0.08; 50.40]776111%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Czeizel, 2003Czeizel, 2003 2.90[0.90; 8.70]3,0382389%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 2.79[0.96; 8.13]3,814240.910.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 2.79[0.96; 8.13]3,814240%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.79[0.96; 8.13]3,814240%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.05[0.08; 50.40]7761 -NACarter, 2008 1   - Yes  - Yes 2.90[0.93; 9.02]3,03823 -NACzeizel, 2003 1 MatchedMatched 2.90[0.93; 9.02]3,03823 -NACzeizel, 2003 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 2.05[0.08; 50.40]7761 -NACarter, 2008 1   - Vaginal  - Vaginal 2.90[0.93; 9.02]3,03823 -NACzeizel, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 2.79[0.96; 8.13]3,814240%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.79[0.96; 8.13]3,814240%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 20.510.01.0