Econazole updated on 01-29-2025

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S10628
R39295		 Carter, 2008 Cleft lip with or without cleft palate 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 4.40 [0.27;70.39] C 1/2   1,085/5,858 1,086 2
ref
S17546
R73876		 Czeizel, 2003 Cleft lip with or whithout palate 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Route of exposure Azoles: Vaginal 1.30 [0.30;10.20] 1/20   1,373/39,505 1,374 20
ref
Total 2 studies 1.85 [0.42;8.18] 2,460 22
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Carter, 2008Carter, 2008 4.40[0.27; 70.39]1,086229%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Czeizel, 2003Czeizel, 2003 1.30[0.30; 10.20]1,3742071%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.85[0.42; 8.18]2,460220.510.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.85[0.42; 8.18]2,460220%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.85[0.42; 8.18]2,460220%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 4.40[0.27; 70.39]1,0862 -NACarter, 2008 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.30[0.22; 7.58]1,37420 -NACzeizel, 2003 1 MatchedMatched 1.30[0.22; 7.58]1,37420 -NACzeizel, 2003 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 4.40[0.27; 70.39]1,0862 -NACarter, 2008 1   - Vaginal  - Vaginal 1.30[0.22; 7.58]1,37420 -NACzeizel, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 1.85[0.42; 8.18]2,460220%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.85[0.42; 8.18]2,460220%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 2003 20.510.01.0