Clotrimazole updated on 01-29-2025

Congenital heart defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17541
R73851		 Rotem, 2018 Cardiovascular system 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Route of exposure Azoles: Vaginal 0.92 [0.68;1.24] 46/1,993   2,398/95,781 2,444 1,993
ref
S10623
R39261		 Carter, 2008 Cardiovascular defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 1.12 [0.35;3.53] C 5/12   3,044/7,811 3,049 12
ref
S17539
R73831		 Czeizel, 1999 Cardiovascular congenital anomalies 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 0.95 [0.60;1.49] 39/537   3,433/35,739 3,472 537
ref
Total 3 studies 0.94 [0.73;1.20] 8,965 2,542
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Rotem, 2018Rotem, 2018 0.92[0.68; 1.24]2,4441,99366%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Carter, 2008Carter, 2008 1.12[0.35; 3.53]3,049125%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Czeizel, 1999Czeizel, 1999 0.95[0.60; 1.49]3,47253729%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 0.94[0.73; 1.20]8,9652,5420.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.92[0.68; 1.24]2,4441,993 -NARotem, 2018 1 case control studiescase control studies 0.97[0.64; 1.48]6,5215490%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.94[0.73; 1.20]8,9652,5420%NARotem, 2018 Carter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.12[0.35; 3.53]3,04912 -NACarter, 2008 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.93[0.72; 1.19]5,9162,5300%NARotem, 2018 Czeizel, 1999 2 MatchedMatched 0.95[0.60; 1.50]3,472537 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 0.97[0.64; 1.48]6,5215490%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 2   - Vaginal  - Vaginal 0.92[0.68; 1.24]2,4441,993 -NARotem, 2018 1 All studiesAll studies 0.94[0.73; 1.20]8,9652,5420%NARotem, 2018 Carter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 30.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.94[0.73; 1.20]8,9652,5420%NARotem, 2018 Carter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 30.510.01.0