Clotrimazole updated on 01-29-2025

Neural Tube Defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S10623
R39254		 Carter, 2008 Neural tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 1.82 [0.38;8.78] C 2/9   748/5,515 750 9
ref
S17540
R73849		 Medveczky, 2004 Neural-tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 0.80 [0.40;1.70] 7/245   1,195/39,108 1,202 245
ref
Total 2 studies 0.92 [0.48;1.78] 1,952 254
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Carter, 2008Carter, 2008 1.82[0.38; 8.78]750917%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Medveczky, 2004Medveczky, 2004 0.80[0.40; 1.70]1,20224583%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.92[0.48; 1.78]1,9522540.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 0.92[0.48; 1.78]1,9522540%NACarter, 2008 Medveczky, 2004 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.92[0.48; 1.78]1,9522540%NACarter, 2008 Medveczky, 2004 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.82[0.38; 8.78]7509 -NACarter, 2008 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.80[0.39; 1.65]1,202245 -NAMedveczky, 2004 1 MatchedMatched 0.80[0.39; 1.65]1,202245 -NAMedveczky, 2004 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 0.92[0.48; 1.78]1,9522540%NACarter, 2008 Medveczky, 2004 2 All studiesAll studies 0.92[0.48; 1.78]1,9522540%NACarter, 2008 Medveczky, 2004 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.92[0.48; 1.78]1,9522540%NACarter, 2008 Medveczky, 2004 20.510.01.0