Clotrimazole updated on 01-29-2025

Hypospadias

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S10623
R39257		 Carter, 2008 Hypospadias 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 1.76 [0.36;8.49] C 2/9   774/5,541 776 9
ref
S17539
R73838		 Czeizel, 1999 Hypospadias 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 0.99 [0.61;1.59] 34/532   2,361/34,667 2,395 532
ref
Total 2 studies 1.04 [0.66;1.64] 3,171 541
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Carter, 2008Carter, 2008 1.76[0.36; 8.49]77698%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Czeizel, 1999Czeizel, 1999 0.99[0.61; 1.59]2,39553292%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.04[0.66; 1.64]3,1715410.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.04[0.66; 1.64]3,1715410%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.66; 1.64]3,1715410%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.76[0.36; 8.49]7769 -NACarter, 2008 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.99[0.61; 1.60]2,395532 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 MatchedMatched 0.99[0.61; 1.60]2,395532 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 1.04[0.66; 1.64]3,1715410%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 2 All studiesAll studies 1.04[0.66; 1.64]3,1715410%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.66; 1.64]3,1715410%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 20.510.01.0