Clotrimazole updated on 01-29-2025

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17541
R73857		 Rotem, 2018 Cleft lip/palate 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Vaginal 0.76 [0.19;3.09] C 2/1,993   126/95,781 128 1,993
ref
S10623
R39255		 Carter, 2008 Cleft lip with or without cleft palate 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 0.29 [0.02;5.13] C 0/7   1,086/5,853 1,086 7
ref
S17539
R73830		 Czeizel, 1999 Cleft lip with or without palate 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Route of exposure Azoles: Local (NOS) 0.93 [0.48;1.80] 18/516   1,056/33,362 1,074 516
ref
Total 3 studies 0.86 [0.48;1.54] 2,288 2,516
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Rotem, 2018Rotem, 2018 0.76[0.19; 3.09]1281,99318%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Carter, 2008Carter, 2008 0.29[0.02; 5.13]1,08674%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Czeizel, 1999Czeizel, 1999 0.93[0.48; 1.80]1,07451678%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 0.86[0.48; 1.54]2,2882,5160.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.76[0.19; 3.09]1281,993 -NARotem, 2018 1 case control studiescase control studies 0.88[0.46; 1.67]2,1605230%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.86[0.48; 1.54]2,2882,5160%NARotem, 2018 Carter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.63[0.18; 2.23]1,2142,0000%NARotem, 2018 Carter, 2008 2   - Yes  - Yes 0.93[0.48; 1.80]1,074516 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 MatchedMatched 0.93[0.48; 1.80]1,074516 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 Route of exposure Azoles   - Local (NOS)  - Local (NOS) 0.88[0.46; 1.67]2,1605230%NACarter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 2   - Vaginal  - Vaginal 0.76[0.19; 3.09]1281,993 -NARotem, 2018 1 All studiesAll studies 0.86[0.48; 1.54]2,2882,5160%NARotem, 2018 Carter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 30.110.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.86[0.48; 1.54]2,2882,5160%NARotem, 2018 Carter, 2008 Czeizel, 1999 30.510.01.0