Metronidazole (all routes except local only) updated on 01-29-2025

Preterm (< 37 weeks)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17582
R74192		 Koss, 2012 Preterm birth (<37 completed weeks’ gestation at birth during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: Yes 0.94 [0.72;1.23] 107/978   226/1,974 333 978
ref
S17603
R74305		 Santos, 2012 Preterm birth (< 37th week of gestation) 2nd and/or 3rd trimester nested case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.81 [1.30;2.54] -/-   0/- - -
ref
S17600
R74295		 Jeffcoat, 2003 Preterm birth <37 weeks 2nd trimester prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 3.37 [1.18;9.59] C 15/120   5/123 20 120
ref
S17590
R74240		 Diav-Citrin, 2001 Preterm delivery of (<37 wk) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 1.21 [0.61;2.41] C 12/176   31/544 43 176
ref
S17585
R74208		 Sorensen, 1999 Preterm birth ( <37 weeks) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.80 [0.35;1.83] 6/124   793/13,327 799 124
ref
Total 5 studies 1.32 [0.86;2.03] 1,195 1,398
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Koss, 2012Koss, 2012 0.94[0.72; 1.23]33397829%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Santos, 2012Santos, 2012 1.81[1.30; 2.54]--27%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Jeffcoat, 2003Jeffcoat, 2003 3.37[1.18; 9.59]2012011%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Diav-Citrin, 2001Diav-Citrin, 2001 1.21[0.61; 2.41]4317618%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Sorensen, 1999Sorensen, 1999 0.80[0.35; 1.83]79912415%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (5 studies) I2 = 71% 1.32[0.86; 2.03]1,1951,3980.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.15[0.73; 1.81]1,1951,39850%NAKoss, 2012 Jeffcoat, 2003 Diav-Citrin, 2001 Sorensen, 1999 4 case control studiescase control studies 1.81[1.29; 2.53]-- -NASantos, 2012 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.18[0.78; 1.79]1,1751,27870%NAKoss, 2012 Santos, 2012 Diav-Citrin, 2001 Sorensen, 1999 4 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 3.37[1.18; 9.59]20120 -NAJeffcoat, 2003 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.87[0.69; 5.03]6329661%NAJeffcoat, 2003 Diav-Citrin, 2001 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.17[0.69; 1.97]1,1321,10280%NAKoss, 2012 Santos, 2012 Sorensen, 1999 3 All studiesAll studies 1.32[0.86; 2.03]1,1951,39871%NAKoss, 2012 Santos, 2012 Jeffcoat, 2003 Diav-Citrin, 2001 Sorensen, 1999 50.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-1.51.50.6400.000Koss, 2012Santos, 2012Jeffcoat, 2003Diav-Citrin, 2001Sorensen, 1999

Asymetry test p-value = 0.6250 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.0019 (0.4241); intercept=1.0550 (1.9437); t=0.5427; p=0.6250

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.18[0.78; 1.79]1,1751,27870%NAKoss, 2012 Santos, 2012 Diav-Citrin, 2001 Sorensen, 1999 4 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 3.37[1.18; 9.59]20120 -NAJeffcoat, 2003 10.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Ajiji (Preterm birth (observational studies))Ajiji (Preterm birth (observational studies)) 0.96[0.80; 1.16]39%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT5 Ajiji (Preterm birth (RCT))Ajiji (Preterm birth (RCT)) 1.10[0.78; 1.55]72%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT7 metaPregmetaPreg 1.32[0.86; 2.03]71%1,398----Koss, 2012 Santos, 2012 Jeffcoat, 2003 Diav-Citrin, 2001 Sorensen, 1999 50.510.01.0