Metronidazole (all routes except local only) updated on 01-29-2025

Nervous system anomalies

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17594
R74252		 Muanda a (Controls exposed to penicillins), 2017 Nervous system 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.21 [0.01;3.34] C
excluded (control group) 		0/412   53/9,106 53 412
ref
S17595
R74266		 Muanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Nervous system 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 0.21 [0.01;3.32] C 0/412   725/124,469 725 412
ref
S17596
R74282		 Piper, 1993 Any Central nervous system defects 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.70 [0.40;1.50] 16/1,318   19/1,320 35 1,318
ref
Total 2 studies 0.66 [0.34;1.25] 760 1,730
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Muanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017Muanda a, 2017 1 0.21[0.01; 3.32]7254125%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Piper, 1993Piper, 1993 0.70[0.40; 1.50]351,31895%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.66[0.34; 1.25]7601,7300.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.66[0.34; 1.25]7601,7300%NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Piper, 1993 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.66[0.34; 1.25]7601,7300%NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Piper, 1993 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.21[0.01; 3.32]725412 -NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.70[0.36; 1.36]351,318 -NAPiper, 1993 1 All studiesAll studies 0.66[0.34; 1.25]7601,7300%NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Piper, 1993 20.110.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17594

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.66[0.34; 1.25]7601,7300%NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Piper, 1993 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls Out of scale0.21[0.01; 3.34]53412 -NAMuanda a (Controls exposed to penicillins), 2017 10.510.01.0