Metronidazole (all routes except local only) updated on 01-29-2025

Eye, ear, face and neck malformations

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17594
R74253		 Muanda a (Controls exposed to penicillins), 2017 Eye, ear, face and neck malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 0.96 [0.24;3.88]
excluded (control group) 		2/412   51/9,106 53 412
ref
S17595
R74267		 Muanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Eye, ear, face and neck malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.88 [0.22;3.47] 2/412   735/124,469 737 412
ref
Total 1 studies 0.88 [0.22;3.49] 737 412
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Muanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017Muanda a, 2017 1 0.88[0.22; 3.47]7374120%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.88[0.22; 3.49]737412 -NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.88[0.22; 3.49]737412 -NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 0.88[0.22; 3.49]737412 -NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 1 All studiesAll studies 0.88[0.22; 3.49]737412 -NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 10.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17594

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.88[0.22; 3.49]737412 -NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.96[0.24; 3.86]53412 -NAMuanda a (Controls exposed to penicillins), 2017 10.510.01.0