Metronidazole (all routes except local only) updated on 01-29-2025

Cleft palate

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17594
R74262		 Muanda a (Controls exposed to penicillins), 2017 Cleft palate 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.82 [0.05;13.79] C
excluded (control group) 		0/412   13/9,106 13 412
ref
S17595
R74276		 Muanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Cleft palate 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 0.78 [0.05;12.48] C 0/412   194/124,469 194 412
ref
S17589
R74219		 Czeizel, 1998 Posterior cleft palate 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.39 [0.05;2.78] 1/163   477/30,948 478 163
ref
Total 2 studies 0.49 [0.10;2.52] 672 575
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Muanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017Muanda a, 2017 1 0.78[0.05; 12.48]19441234%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Czeizel, 1998Czeizel, 1998 0.39[0.05; 2.78]47816366%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.49[0.10; 2.52]6725750.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.78[0.05; 12.48]194412 -NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 1 case control studiescase control studies 0.39[0.05; 2.91]478163 -NACzeizel, 1998 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.49[0.10; 2.52]6725750%NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Czeizel, 1998 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.78[0.05; 12.48]194412 -NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.39[0.05; 2.91]478163 -NACzeizel, 1998 1 All studiesAll studies 0.49[0.10; 2.52]6725750%NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Czeizel, 1998 20.110.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17594

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale0.49[0.10; 2.52]6725750%NAMuanda a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017 Czeizel, 1998 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.82[0.05; 13.79]13412 -NAMuanda a (Controls exposed to penicillins), 2017 10.510.01.0