Interferon beta (IFN-beta)

Preterm (< 37 weeks)

id	Study   Auto Nguyen (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2019Nguyen (control unexposed, sick), 2019Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016Fragoso a (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2013Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013Fragoso b (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2013Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013Giannini (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2012Giannini (control unexposed, sick), 2012Weber-Schoendorfer (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2009Weber-Schoendorfer (control unexposed, disease free), 2009Weber-Schoendorfer (control unexposed, sick), 2009Boskovic (control unexposed, disease free), 2005Boskovic (control unexposed, sick), 2005	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S3647 R7580	Nguyen (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2019	Pre-term (<37 weeks)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	0.81 [0.47;1.40] C excluded (control group)	57/268   24/96	81	268		ref
S3648 R7583	Nguyen (control unexposed, sick), 2019	Pre-term (<37 weeks)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	0.75 [0.53;1.05] C	57/268   182/686	239	268		ref
S3716 R7991	Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016	Preterm birth	early pregnancy	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes	0.64 [0.30;1.37]	15/227   18/181	33	227		ref
S3632 R7438	Fragoso a (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2013	Prematurity (NOS)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	6.91 [0.79;60.38] C excluded (control group)	6/39   1/39	7	39		ref
S3633 R7454	Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013	Prematurity (NOS)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	5.58 [1.32;23.58] C	6/39   3/95	9	39		ref
S3636 R7513	Fragoso b (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2013	Premature delivery	at least 1st trimester	retrospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	0.80 [0.03;20.62] C excluded (control group)	0/17   1/41	1	17		ref
S3637 R7529	Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013	Premature delivery	at least 1st trimester	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	1.77 [0.07;45.30] C	0/17   1/89	1	17		ref
S3643 R7562	Giannini (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2012	Preterm delivery (NOS)	early pregnancy	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	1.47 [0.43;5.02] C excluded (control group)	25/76   4/16	29	76		ref
S3644 R7567	Giannini (control unexposed, sick), 2012	Preterm delivery (NOS)	early pregnancy	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes	2.11 [1.18;3.78]	25/76   58/288	83	76		ref
S3613 R7360	Weber-Schoendorfer (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2009	Preterm births	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	3.06 [0.35;26.93] C excluded (control group)	6/53   1/25	7	53		ref
S3614 R7364	Weber-Schoendorfer (control unexposed, disease free), 2009	Preterm births	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free excluded	Adjustment: No	1.85 [0.62;4.44] excluded (control group)	6/53   90/1,377	96	53		ref
S3615 R7368	Weber-Schoendorfer (control unexposed, sick), 2009	Preterm births	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	0.75 [0.24;2.33] C	6/53   8/55	14	53		ref
S3723 R8019	Boskovic (control unexposed, disease free), 2005	Preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation (postconception).	1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free excluded	Adjustment: No	1.81 [0.15;21.60] C excluded (control group)	2/23   1/20	3	23		ref
S3724 R8024	Boskovic (control unexposed, sick), 2005	Preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation (postconception).	1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	0.57 [0.09;3.81] C	2/23   3/21	5	23		ref
					Total	7 studies	1.12 [0.63;1.99]		384	703
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 3723, 3613, 3614, 3643, 3632, 3636, 3647