Diuretics (versus unexposed) updated on 03-11-2025

Caesarean

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17155
R71948		 Vaclavik - Diuretics, 2024 Caesarean section during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.16 [1.65;2.82] -/90   -/252,856 - 90
ref
S17121
R71669		 Van der Zande - Diuretics, 2024 Caesarean section during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...) 2.00 [1.61;2.47] C 239/382   2,442/5,357 2,681 382
ref
S14169
R55572		 Sibai - Diuretics, 1984 Cesarean section throughout pregnancy randomized controlled trial unexposed, sick Adjustment: Randomisation Indications Antihypertensive: Only chronic hypertension indication 1.00 [0.15;6.77] C 3/10   3/10 6 10
ref
Total 3 studies 2.05 [1.73;2.42] 2,687 482
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Vaclavik - Diuretics, 2024Vaclavik - Diuretics, 2024 2.16[1.65; 2.82]-9039%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: unclear Van der Zande - Diuretics, 2024Van der Zande - Diuretics, 2024 2.00[1.61; 2.47]2,68138261%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: unclearROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Sibai - Diuretics, 1984Sibai - Diuretics, 1984 1.00[0.15; 6.77]6101%ROB confusion: lowROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 2.05[1.73; 2.42]2,6874820.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.06[1.74; 2.43]2,6814720%NAVaclavik - Diuretics, 2024 Van der Zande - Diuretics, 2024 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 RCTRCT 1.00[0.15; 6.77]610 -NASibai - Diuretics, 1984 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.16[1.65; 2.82]-90 -NAVaclavik - Diuretics, 2024 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.98[1.60; 2.45]2,6873920%NAVan der Zande - Diuretics, 2024 Sibai - Diuretics, 1984 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.06[1.74; 2.43]2,6814720%NAVaclavik - Diuretics, 2024 Van der Zande - Diuretics, 2024 2   - Randomisation  - Randomisation 1.00[0.15; 6.77]610 -NASibai - Diuretics, 1984 1 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.16[1.65; 2.82]-90 -NAVaclavik - Diuretics, 2024 1   - Only cardiac indications other than ...  - Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...) 2.00[1.61; 2.47]2,681382 -NAVan der Zande - Diuretics, 2024 1   - Only chronic hypertension indication  - Only chronic hypertension indication 1.00[0.15; 6.77]610 -NASibai - Diuretics, 1984 1 All studiesAll studies 2.05[1.73; 2.42]2,6874820%NAVaclavik - Diuretics, 2024 Van der Zande - Diuretics, 2024 Sibai - Diuretics, 1984 30.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.16[1.65; 2.82]-90 -NAVaclavik - Diuretics, 2024 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.98[1.60; 2.45]2,6873920%NAVan der Zande - Diuretics, 2024 Sibai - Diuretics, 1984 20.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Churchill (Caesarean section)Churchill (Caesarean section) 1.00[0.26; 3.81]NA-U,Sunexposed, sickAnyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT1 Bellos - Furosemide (Cesarean delivery (Rando ...Bellos - Furosemide (Cesarean delivery (Randomized controlled trial and Cohort studies)) 1.20[0.34; 4.18]NA-U,Sunexposed, sickAnyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT-9 Bellos - Furosemide (Cesarean delivery (Rando ...Bellos - Furosemide (Cesarean delivery (Randomized controlled trial only)) 1.20[0.34; 4.18]NA-U,Sunexposed, sickAnyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT-9 metaPregmetaPreg 2.05[1.73; 2.42]0%482----Vaclavik - Diuretics, 2024 Van der Zande - Diuretics, 2024 Sibai - Diuretics, 1984 30.510.01.0