Diuretics (versus unexposed) updated on 03-11-2025

Hypospadias

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13832
R54194		 Van Zutphen - Diuretics, 2014 Severe hypospadias (ie, subcoronal or penile, scrotal, or perineal meatal opening) early pregnancy case control unexposed, disease free Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.09 [0.35;3.39] 5/16   2,126/7,244 2,131 16
ref
S17837
R75296		 Czeizel - Furosemide, 1999 Hypospadias 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Matched 1.80 [0.40;8.00] 2/17   3,030/41,166 3,032 17
ref
Total 2 studies 1.31 [0.53;3.23] 5,163 33
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Van Zutphen - Diuretics, 2014Van Zutphen - Diuretics, 2014 1.09[0.35; 3.39]2,1311664%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Czeizel - Furosemide, 1999Czeizel - Furosemide, 1999 1.80[0.40; 8.00]3,0321736%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.31[0.53; 3.23]5,163330.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.31[0.53; 3.23]5,163330%NAVan Zutphen - Diuretics, 2014 Czeizel - Furosemide, 1999 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.31[0.53; 3.23]5,163330%NAVan Zutphen - Diuretics, 2014 Czeizel - Furosemide, 1999 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.31[0.53; 3.23]5,163330%NAVan Zutphen - Diuretics, 2014 Czeizel - Furosemide, 1999 2 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.31[0.53; 3.23]5,163330%NAVan Zutphen - Diuretics, 2014 Czeizel - Furosemide, 1999 2 MatchedMatched 1.80[0.40; 8.05]3,03217 -NACzeizel - Furosemide, 1999 1 All studiesAll studies 1.31[0.53; 3.23]5,163330%NAVan Zutphen - Diuretics, 2014 Czeizel - Furosemide, 1999 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.31[0.53; 3.23]5,163330%NAVan Zutphen - Diuretics, 2014 Czeizel - Furosemide, 1999 20.510.01.0