Renin-angiotensin system (ACEIs and/or ARBs) (versus unexposed) updated on 03-11-2025

Urinary malformations

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S14149
R55516		 Hoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 Urinary malformations early pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only chronic hypertension indication Matched Renin angiotensin: ACEIs (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) 3.36 [0.56;20.25] C 3/255   2/567 5 255
ref
S14211
R55729		 Colvin - ACEi, 2014 Congenital anomaly of urinary system 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Renin angiotensin: ACEIs (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) 1.40 [0.18;10.71] -/84   532/97,533 - 84
ref
S14144
R55537		 Cooper - ACEi, 2006 Renal malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Renin angiotensin: ACEIs (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) 9.32 [1.79;48.50] -/209   -/29,096 - 209
ref
Total 3 studies 4.01 [1.39;11.58] 5 548
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Hoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018Hoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 3.36[0.56; 20.25]525534%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Colvin - ACEi, 2014Colvin - ACEi, 2014 1.40[0.18; 10.71]-8426%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Cooper - ACEi, 2006Cooper - ACEi, 2006 9.32[1.79; 48.50]-20940%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 3% 4.01[1.39; 11.58]55480.520.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 4.01[1.39; 11.58]55483%NAHoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 Colvin - ACEi, 2014 Cooper - ACEi, 2006 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 4.01[1.39; 11.58]55483%NAHoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 Colvin - ACEi, 2014 Cooper - ACEi, 2006 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.36[0.56; 20.25]5255 -NAHoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 1   - Yes  - Yes 3.99[0.63; 25.32]-29350%NAColvin - ACEi, 2014 Cooper - ACEi, 2006 2 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 3.99[0.63; 25.32]-29350%NAColvin - ACEi, 2014 Cooper - ACEi, 2006 2   - Only chronic hypertension indication  - Only chronic hypertension indication 3.36[0.56; 20.25]5255 -NAHoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 1 MatchedMatched 3.36[0.56; 20.25]5255 -NAHoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 1 Renin angiotensin   - ACEIs (Angiotensin-converting enzym ...  - ACEIs (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) 4.01[1.39; 11.58]55483%NAHoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 Colvin - ACEi, 2014 Cooper - ACEi, 2006 3 All studiesAll studies 4.01[1.39; 11.58]55483%NAHoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 Colvin - ACEi, 2014 Cooper - ACEi, 2006 30.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 4.01[1.39; 11.58]5285483%NAHoeltzenbein b - ACEi, 2018 Colvin - ACEi, 2014 Cooper - ACEi, 2006 30.510.01.0