Renin-angiotensin system (ACEIs and/or ARBs) (versus unexposed) updated on 03-11-2025

Hypospadias

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S14211
R55726		 Colvin - ACEi, 2014 Hypospadias and epispadias (males only) (ICD-9: 7526) 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Renin angiotensin: ACEIs (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) 3.00 [0.41;21.79] -/50   358/49,999 - 50
ref
S13830
R54192		 Van Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014 Severe hypospadias (ie, subcoronal or penile, scrotal, or perineal meatal opening) early pregnancy case control unexposed, disease free Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Renin angiotensin: ARBs and/or ACEIs (Angiotensin II receptor blockers and/or Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) 0.89 [0.29;2.76] 5/15   2,126/7,245 2,131 15
ref
Total 2 studies 1.23 [0.43;3.50] 2,131 65
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Colvin - ACEi, 2014Colvin - ACEi, 2014 3.00[0.41; 21.79]-5026%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Van Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014Van Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014 0.89[0.29; 2.76]2,1311574%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 8% 1.23[0.43; 3.50]2,131650.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 3.00[0.41; 21.87]-50 -NAColvin - ACEi, 2014 1 case control studiescase control studies 0.89[0.29; 2.75]2,13115 -NAVan Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.23[0.43; 3.50]2,131658%NAColvin - ACEi, 2014 Van Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.23[0.43; 3.50]2,131658%NAColvin - ACEi, 2014 Van Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014 2 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.23[0.43; 3.50]2,131658%NAColvin - ACEi, 2014 Van Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014 2 Renin angiotensin   - ACEIs (Angiotensin-converting enzym ...  - ACEIs (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) 3.00[0.41; 21.87]-50 -NAColvin - ACEi, 2014 1   - ARBs and/or ACEIs (Angiotensin II r ...  - ARBs and/or ACEIs (Angiotensin II receptor blockers and/or Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) 0.89[0.29; 2.75]2,13115 -NAVan Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014 1 All studiesAll studies 1.23[0.43; 3.50]2,131658%NAColvin - ACEi, 2014 Van Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.23[0.43; 3.50]2,480658%NAColvin - ACEi, 2014 Van Zutphen - Renin–angiotensin system-acting, 2014 20.510.01.0