Venlafaxine updated on 07-01-2025

Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S11775
R43319		 Richardson, 2019 Spontaneous abortion (prior to 24 weeks which did not result in elective termination) at least 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.26 [0.83;1.91] 46/219   140/965 186 219
ref
S11792
R43391		 Ozturk, 2016 Miscarriages at least 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified 0.75 [0.04;13.48] C 0/11   15/261 15 11
ref
S11777
R43335		 Te Winkel, 2016 Spontaneous abortions during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.94 [1.33;2.82] C 85/732   46/724 131 732
ref
S11807
R43411		 Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2013 Spontaneous abortion (before 22 weeks of gestation) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.71 [1.50;1.95]
excluded (control group) 		-/-   -/983,258 - -
ref
S11809
R43413		 Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Spontaneous abortion (before 22 weeks of gestation) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.80 [1.19;2.72] -/-   -/- - -
ref
S11700
R43051		 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Spontaneous abortions (< 20th week of gestation) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) nested case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 2.11 [1.34;3.30] 33/-   5,091/- 5,124 -
ref
S11764
R43213		 Yaris, 2005 Spontaneous abortions during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.20 [0.07;21.95] C 0/11   9/248 9 11
ref
S11756
R43204		 Einarson, 2001 Spontaneous abortion at least 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.72 [0.78;3.79] C 18/150   11/150 29 150
ref
Total 7 studies 1.73 [1.42;2.11] 5,494 1,123
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Richardson, 2019Richardson, 2019 1.26[0.83; 1.91]18621923%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Ozturk, 2016Ozturk, 2016 0.75[0.04; 13.48]15110%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Te Winkel, 2016Te Winkel, 2016 1.94[1.33; 2.82]13173228%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013Kjaersgaard, 2013 1 1.80[1.19; 2.72]--23%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Nakhai-Pour, 2010Nakhai-Pour, 2010 2.11[1.34; 3.30]5,124-19%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Yaris, 2005Yaris, 2005 1.20[0.07; 21.95]9110%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Einarson, 2001Einarson, 2001 1.72[0.78; 3.79]291506%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (7 studies) I2 = 0% 1.73[1.42; 2.11]5,4941,1230.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.65[1.33; 2.06]3701,1230%NARichardson, 2019 Ozturk, 2016 Te Winkel, 2016 Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Yaris, 2005 Einarson, 2001 6 case control studiescase control studies 2.11[1.34; 3.31]5,124- -NANakhai-Pour, 2010 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.71[1.37; 2.15]5,4941,1230%NARichardson, 2019 Ozturk, 2016 Te Winkel, 2016 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Yaris, 2005 Einarson, 2001 6 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.80[1.19; 2.72]-- -NAKjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.84[1.42; 2.38]1849040%NAOzturk, 2016 Te Winkel, 2016 Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Yaris, 2005 Einarson, 2001 5   - Yes  - Yes 1.62[0.98; 2.68]5,31021963%NARichardson, 2019 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 2 MatchedMatched 1.62[0.98; 2.68]5,31021963%NARichardson, 2019 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 2 Monotherapy   - no or not specified  - no or not specified 1.65[1.33; 2.06]3701,1230%NARichardson, 2019 Ozturk, 2016 Te Winkel, 2016 Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Yaris, 2005 Einarson, 2001 6   - substance alone among all Antidep ( ...  - substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 2.11[1.34; 3.31]5,124- -NANakhai-Pour, 2010 1 Unexposed sick   - intermediate history of illness/tre ...  - intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.80[1.19; 2.72]-- -NAKjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 1 All studiesAll studies 1.73[1.42; 2.11]5,4941,1230%NARichardson, 2019 Ozturk, 2016 Te Winkel, 2016 Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Yaris, 2005 Einarson, 2001 70.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-3.54.01.7820.000Richardson, 2019Ozturk, 2016Te Winkel, 2016Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013Nakhai-Pour, 2010Yaris, 2005Einarson, 2001

Asymetry test p-value = 0.5358 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.6493 (0.1715); intercept=-0.4263 (0.6416); t=0.6645; p=0.5358

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 11807

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.71[1.53; 1.92]5,4941,1470%NARichardson, 2019 Ozturk, 2016 Te Winkel, 2016 Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2013 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Yaris, 2005 Einarson, 2001 7 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.80[1.19; 2.72]-- -NAKjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 10.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Xing (Spontaneous abortion)Xing (Spontaneous abortion) 1.71[1.50; 1.94]0%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT2 metaPregmetaPreg 1.73[1.42; 2.11]0%1,123----Richardson, 2019 Ozturk, 2016 Te Winkel, 2016 Kjaersgaard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Yaris, 2005 Einarson, 2001 70.510.01.0