Venlafaxine updated on 07-01-2025

ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18386
R77525		 Heuvelman, 2023 Autism spectrum disorder - Validated Read code list among primary care clinical and referral records - Mean age at end of follow-up 10.04 years, range 4–22 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.46 [0.78;2.73] -/818   -/16,330 - 818
ref
S11819
R46846		 Rai (Controls exposed to TCA), 2017 Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-9 (299), ICD-10 (F84), or DSM-IV (299) codes) - At 4-17 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified 0.75 [0.34;1.64] C
excluded (control group) 		11/213   16/235 27 213
ref
S11820
R46847		 Rai (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-9 (299), ICD-10 (F84), or DSM-IV (299) codes) - At 4-17 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified 2.61 [1.42;4.79] C
excluded (control group) 		11/213   4,889/238,943 4,900 213
ref
S11821
R46848		 Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-9 (299), ICD-10 (F84), or DSM-IV (299) codes) - At 4-17 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified Unexposed sick: old history of illness/treatment (> 12 months before pregnancy) or not specified 1.81 [0.89;3.71] 11/213   353/12,325 364 213
ref
Total 2 studies 1.60 [1.00;2.57] 364 1,031
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Heuvelman, 2023Heuvelman, 2023 1.46[0.78; 2.73]-81856%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: criticalROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: low Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017Rai, 2017 1 1.81[0.89; 3.71]36421344%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.60[1.00; 2.57]3641,0310.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.60[1.00; 2.57]3641,0310%NAHeuvelman, 2023 Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.60[1.00; 2.57]3641,0310%NAHeuvelman, 2023 Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.60[1.00; 2.57]3641,0310%NAHeuvelman, 2023 Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 2 Monotherapy   - no or not specified  - no or not specified 1.60[1.00; 2.57]3641,0310%NAHeuvelman, 2023 Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 2 Unexposed sick   - intermediate history of illness/tre ...  - intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.46[0.78; 2.73]-818 -NAHeuvelman, 2023 1   - old history of illness/treatment (> ...  - old history of illness/treatment (> 12 months before pregnancy) or not specified 1.81[0.89; 3.70]364213 -NARai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 1 All studiesAll studies 1.60[1.00; 2.57]3641,0310%NAHeuvelman, 2023 Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 11819, 11820

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.61[1.42; 4.79]4,900213 -NARai (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.60[1.00; 2.57]3641,0310%NAHeuvelman, 2023 Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.75[0.34; 1.64]27213 -NARai (Controls exposed to TCA), 2017 10.510.01.0