Paroxetine updated on 07-01-2025

Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S12959
R49168		 Kitchin, 2022 Miscarriage (pregnancy losses between 4-22 weeks) 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.36 [1.03;1.79] 77/228   17,993/72,051 18,070 228
ref
S7521
R22546		 Ozturk, 2016 Miscarriages at least 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified 0.69 [0.04;12.24] C 0/12   15/261 15 12
ref
S7872
R23815		 Andersen, 2014 Miscarriage (O021 and O03) early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.27 [1.14;1.42] -/2,739   139,210/1,256,956 - 2,739
ref
S8175
R25336		 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Spontaneous abortions (< 20th week of gestation) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) nested case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.75 [1.31;2.34] 84/-   5,040/- 5,124 -
ref
S5957
R15290		 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Miscarriage during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified 0.85 [0.52;1.40] 42/463   97/1,467 139 463
ref
S6250
R16624		 Vial, 2006 Spontaneous abortion 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Matched Monotherapy: no or not specified 2.60 [1.80;4.30] 80/683   31/683 111 683
ref
S7881
R23830		 Yaris, 2005 Spontaneous abortions during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: no or not specified 3.59 [0.17;74.48] C 0/4   9/248 9 4
ref
Total 7 studies 1.46 [1.15;1.86] 23,468 4,129
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Kitchin, 2022Kitchin, 2022 1.36[1.03; 1.79]18,07022821%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Ozturk, 2016Ozturk, 2016 0.69[0.04; 12.24]15121%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Andersen, 2014Andersen, 2014 1.27[1.14; 1.42]-2,73928%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Nakhai-Pour, 2010Nakhai-Pour, 2010 1.75[1.31; 2.34]5,124-21%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Diav-Citrin, 2008Diav-Citrin, 2008 0.85[0.52; 1.40]13946313%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Vial, 2006Vial, 2006 2.60[1.80; 4.30]11168315%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: unclear Yaris, 2005Yaris, 2005 3.59[0.17; 74.48]941%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (7 studies) I2 = 65% 1.46[1.15; 1.86]23,4684,1290.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.42[0.89; 2.24]2743,90170%NAOzturk, 2016 Andersen, 2014 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Vial, 2006 Yaris, 2005 5 case control studiescase control studies 1.54[1.20; 1.97]23,19422834%NAKitchin, 2022 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.46[1.15; 1.86]23,4684,12965%NAKitchin, 2022 Ozturk, 2016 Andersen, 2014 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Vial, 2006 Yaris, 2005 7 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.54[1.66; 3.89]1356990%NAOzturk, 2016 Vial, 2006 Yaris, 2005 3   - Yes  - Yes 1.33[1.09; 1.62]23,3333,43058%NAKitchin, 2022 Andersen, 2014 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Diav-Citrin, 2008 4 MatchedMatched 2.06[1.41; 3.02]5,23568355%NANakhai-Pour, 2010 Vial, 2006 2 Monotherapy   - no or not specified  - no or not specified 1.39[1.05; 1.85]18,3444,12963%NAKitchin, 2022 Ozturk, 2016 Andersen, 2014 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Vial, 2006 Yaris, 2005 6   - substance alone among all Antidep ( ...  - substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.75[1.31; 2.34]5,124- -NANakhai-Pour, 2010 1 All studiesAll studies 1.46[1.15; 1.86]23,4684,12965%NAKitchin, 2022 Ozturk, 2016 Andersen, 2014 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Vial, 2006 Yaris, 2005 70.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-3.64.01.8570.000Kitchin, 2022Ozturk, 2016Andersen, 2014Nakhai-Pour, 2010Diav-Citrin, 2008Vial, 2006Yaris, 2005

Asymetry test p-value = 0.5322 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.2368 (0.1230); intercept=0.6620 (0.9873); t=0.6705; p=0.5322

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.46[1.15; 1.86]162,6694,20465%NAKitchin, 2022 Ozturk, 2016 Andersen, 2014 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Vial, 2006 Yaris, 2005 70.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Xing (Spontaneous abortion)Xing (Spontaneous abortion) 1.36[1.19; 1.55]63%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT2 metaPregmetaPreg 1.46[1.15; 1.86]65%4,129----Kitchin, 2022 Ozturk, 2016 Andersen, 2014 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Vial, 2006 Yaris, 2005 70.510.01.0