Mebendazole updated on 01-29-2025

All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17566
R74055		 Akpan, 2018 Gross congenital anomaly 2nd trimester excluded randomized controlled trial unexposed, sick Adjustment: Randomisation 0.85 [0.05;13.72] C
excluded (exposition period) 		1/281   1/240 2 281
ref
S17569
R74079		 Torp-Pedersen (Controls exposed to Pyrviniumn), 2016 Major congenital malformations 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 1.05 [0.50;2.21] C
excluded (control group) 		24/1,022   10/445 34 1,022
ref
S17570
R74085		 Torp-Pedersen (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 Major congenital malformations 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.70 [0.40;1.10] 24/1,022   22,580/708,982 22,604 1,022
ref
S17568
R74071		 Gyorkos, 2006 Malformations 2nd trimester excluded randomized controlled trial unexposed, sick Adjustment: Randomisation 0.87 [0.31;2.41] C
excluded (exposition period) 		7/500   8/496 15 500
ref
S17571
R74093		 Acs, 2005 Congenital abnormality 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Matched 4.40 [0.80;22.80] 5/7   22,838/60,987 22,843 7
ref
S17572
R74099		 Diav-Citrin, 2003 Major birth defects 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Matched 2.54 [0.58;11.09] 4/92   3/175 7 92
ref
S17567
R74068		 De Silva, 1999 Major congenital defects 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 1.66 [0.81;3.56] 10/407   26/1,737 36 407
ref
Total 4 studies 1.50 [0.68;3.27] 45,490 1,528
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Torp-Pedersen (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016Torp-Pedersen, 2016 1 0.70[0.40; 1.10]22,6041,02237%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Acs, 2005Acs, 2005 4.40[0.80; 22.80]22,843715%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Diav-Citrin, 2003Diav-Citrin, 2003 2.54[0.58; 11.09]79217%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate De Silva, 1999De Silva, 1999 1.66[0.81; 3.56]3640731%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 63% 1.50[0.68; 3.27]45,4901,5280.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.21[0.57; 2.60]22,6471,52162%NATorp-Pedersen (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 Diav-Citrin, 2003 De Silva, 1999 3 case control studiescase control studies 4.40[0.82; 23.49]22,8437 -NAAcs, 2005 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.50[0.68; 3.27]45,4901,52863%NATorp-Pedersen (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 Acs, 2005 Diav-Citrin, 2003 De Silva, 1999 4 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.81[0.93; 3.50]434990%NADiav-Citrin, 2003 De Silva, 1999 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.47[0.25; 8.57]45,4471,02976%NATorp-Pedersen (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 Acs, 2005 2 MatchedMatched 3.23[1.07; 9.77]22,850990%NAAcs, 2005 Diav-Citrin, 2003 2 All studiesAll studies 1.50[0.68; 3.27]45,4901,52863%NATorp-Pedersen (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 Acs, 2005 Diav-Citrin, 2003 De Silva, 1999 40.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-2.02.41.0250.000Torp-Pedersen (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016Acs, 2005Diav-Citrin, 2003De Silva, 1999

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17569

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.50[0.68; 3.27]45,4901,52863%NATorp-Pedersen (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 Acs, 2005 Diav-Citrin, 2003 De Silva, 1999 4 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.05[0.50; 2.21]341,022 -NATorp-Pedersen (Controls exposed to Pyrviniumn), 2016 10.510.01.0