Beta-blockers (All routes except ocular) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Atrial septal defect

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13907
R54454		 Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Atrial septal defect 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.40 [0.90;2.10] 28/168   7,010/57,579 7,038 168
ref
S13901
R54393		 Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Atrial septal defect 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.00 [0.70;1.50] 44/2,628   2,643/374,391 2,687 2,628
ref
S13888
R55959		 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) early pregnancy case control unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.35 [1.37;4.04]
excluded (control group) 		23/63   -/- - 63
ref
S14244
R55968		 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) early pregnancy case control unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.97 [1.10;3.54] 23/63   -/- - 63
ref
Total 3 studies 1.34 [0.93;1.92] 9,725 2,859
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 1.40[0.90; 2.10]7,03816836%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017 1.00[0.70; 1.50]2,6872,62839%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: NA Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017Fisher - Beta-blockers, 2017 1 1.97[1.10; 3.54]-6325%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 48% 1.34[0.93; 1.92]9,7252,8590.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.00[0.68; 1.46]2,6872,628 -NADuan - Beta-blockers, 2017 1 case control studiescase control studies 1.57[1.12; 2.22]7,0382310%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.17[0.84; 1.62]9,7252,79625%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.97[1.10; 3.53]-63 -NAFisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.34[0.93; 1.92]9,7252,85948%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 3 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.34[0.93; 1.92]9,7252,85948%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 3 All studiesAll studies 1.34[0.93; 1.92]9,7252,85948%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 30.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 13888

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.44[0.91; 2.28]9,7252,85969%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 3 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.97[1.10; 3.53]-63 -NAFisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 10.510.01.0