Flunitrazepam updated on 02-10-2025

Congenital heart defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15392
R63457		 Noh, 2022 Heart malformations 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 1.67 [1.21;2.29] 43/824   83,584/3,053,381 83,627 824
ref
S15592
R64162		 Källén, 2013 Any cardiac defects early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 1.20 [0.25;3.51] 3/184   -/1,575,847 - 184
ref
Total 2 studies 1.64 [1.20;2.24] 83,627 1,008
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Noh, 2022Noh, 2022 1.67[1.21; 2.29]83,62782494%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: low Källén, 2013Källén, 2013 1.20[0.25; 3.51]-1846%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.64[1.20; 2.24]83,6271,0080.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.64[1.20; 2.24]83,6271,0080%NANoh, 2022 Källén, 2013 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.20[0.32; 4.50]-184 -NAKällén, 2013 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.67[1.21; 2.30]83,627824 -NANoh, 2022 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.64[1.20; 2.24]83,6271,0080%NANoh, 2022 Källén, 2013 2 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 1.64[1.20; 2.24]83,6271,0080%NANoh, 2022 Källén, 2013 2 All studiesAll studies 1.64[1.20; 2.24]83,6271,0080%NANoh, 2022 Källén, 2013 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.20[0.32; 4.50]-184 -NAKällén, 2013 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.67[1.21; 2.30]83,627824 -NANoh, 2022 10.510.01.0