Etizolam updated on 02-10-2025

All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15384
R64473		 Noh, 2022 Overall major congenital malformations 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 0.98 [0.86;1.12] 204/3,665   156,896/3,053,381 157,100 3,665
ref
S15647
R64571		 Yamane, 2011 Congenital anomalies early pregnancy cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 0.77 [0.24;2.42] 6/202   -/- - 202
ref
Total 2 studies 0.98 [0.86;1.11] 157,100 3,867
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Noh, 2022Noh, 2022 0.98[0.86; 1.12]157,1003,66599%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: low Yamane, 2011Yamane, 2011 0.77[0.24; 2.42]-2021%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.98[0.86; 1.11]157,1003,8670.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.98[0.86; 1.11]157,1003,8670%NANoh, 2022 Yamane, 2011 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.77[0.24; 2.45]-202 -NAYamane, 2011 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.98[0.86; 1.12]157,1003,665 -NANoh, 2022 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.77[0.24; 2.45]-202 -NAYamane, 2011 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.98[0.86; 1.12]157,1003,665 -NANoh, 2022 1 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 0.98[0.86; 1.11]157,1003,8670%NANoh, 2022 Yamane, 2011 2 All studiesAll studies 0.98[0.86; 1.11]157,1003,8670%NANoh, 2022 Yamane, 2011 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.77[0.24; 2.45]-202 -NAYamane, 2011 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.98[0.86; 1.12]157,1003,665 -NANoh, 2022 10.510.01.0