Lorazepam updated on 02-10-2025

Congenital heart defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15385
R63443		 Noh, 2022 Heart malformations 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 1.14 [0.93;1.40] 98/2,468   83,584/3,053,381 83,682 2,468
ref
S15603
R64338		 Tinker, 2019 Heart defect (any) 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.40 [0.60;3.70] 14/21   12,184/23,710 12,198 21
ref
Total 2 studies 1.15 [0.94;1.41] 95,880 2,489
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Noh, 2022Noh, 2022 1.14[0.93; 1.40]83,6822,46895%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: low Tinker, 2019Tinker, 2019 1.40[0.60; 3.70]12,198215%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.15[0.94; 1.41]95,8802,4890.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.14[0.93; 1.40]83,6822,468 -NANoh, 2022 1 case control studiescase control studies 1.40[0.56; 3.48]12,19821 -NATinker, 2019 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.40[0.56; 3.48]12,19821 -NATinker, 2019 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.14[0.93; 1.40]83,6822,468 -NANoh, 2022 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.15[0.94; 1.41]95,8802,4890%NANoh, 2022 Tinker, 2019 2 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 1.14[0.93; 1.40]83,6822,468 -NANoh, 2022 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.40[0.56; 3.48]12,19821 -NATinker, 2019 1 All studiesAll studies 1.15[0.94; 1.41]95,8802,4890%NANoh, 2022 Tinker, 2019 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.40[0.56; 3.48]12,19821 -NATinker, 2019 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.14[0.93; 1.40]83,6822,468 -NANoh, 2022 10.510.01.0