Chlordiazepoxide updated on 02-10-2025

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15450
R63544		 Czeizel, 2004 Cleft lip /- palate 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Matched 0.60 [0.10;3.40] -/-   1,378/- - -
ref
S15358
R63177		 Czeizel, 1987 Isolated cleft lip and/or cleft palate 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified Matched 2.01 [0.37;10.99] C 4/6   626/1,254 630 6
ref
Total 2 studies 1.12 [0.33;3.81] 630 6
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Czeizel, 2004Czeizel, 2004 0.60[0.10; 3.40]--48%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Czeizel, 1987Czeizel, 1987 2.01[0.37; 10.99]630652%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.12[0.33; 3.81]63060.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.12[0.33; 3.81]63060%NACzeizel, 2004 Czeizel, 1987 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.12[0.33; 3.81]63060%NACzeizel, 2004 Czeizel, 1987 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.01[0.37; 10.99]6306 -NACzeizel, 1987 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.60[0.10; 3.50]-- -NACzeizel, 2004 1 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 2.01[0.37; 10.99]6306 -NACzeizel, 1987 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.60[0.10; 3.50]-- -NACzeizel, 2004 1 MatchedMatched 1.12[0.33; 3.81]63060%NACzeizel, 2004 Czeizel, 1987 2 All studiesAll studies 1.12[0.33; 3.81]63060%NACzeizel, 2004 Czeizel, 1987 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.12[0.33; 3.81]1,99960%NACzeizel, 2004 Czeizel, 1987 20.510.01.0