Diazepam updated on 02-10-2025

Oro-facial clefts

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17689
R74656
Laspro, 2024 Oral clefts (ICD 10 codes Q35 or Q36 or Q37) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded nested case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 1.30 [1.04;1.64]
excluded (exposition period)
73/-   12,025/- 12,098 -
ref
S15649
R64582
Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Oro-facial cleft 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.33 [0.02;5.23] C
excluded (control group)
0/1,159   464/351,785 464 1,159
ref
S15650
R64598
Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Oro-facial cleft 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.23 [0.01;3.80] C 0/1,159   35/19,193 35 1,159
ref
S15645
R64568
Shiono, 1984 Oral clefts 1st trimester cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 1.22 [0.17;8.95] 1/854   31/32,395 32 854
ref
S15648
R64572
Aarskog, 1975 Oral clefts 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 6.02 [1.73;20.98] C 7/11   104/462 111 11
ref
Total 3 studies 1.65 [0.28;9.92] 178 2,024
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014Ban, 2014 1 0.23[0.01; 3.80]351,15924%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Shiono, 1984Shiono, 1984 1.22[0.17; 8.95]3285433%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Aarskog, 1975Aarskog, 1975 6.02[1.73; 20.98]1111143%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 61% 1.65[0.28; 9.92]1782,0240.220.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.70[0.14; 3.53]672,0130%NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Shiono, 1984 2 case control studiescase control studies 6.02[1.73; 20.98]11111 -NAAarskog, 1975 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 3.29[0.72; 15.01]14386544%NAShiono, 1984 Aarskog, 1975 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.23[0.01; 3.80]351,159 -NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.65[0.28; 9.92]1782,02461%NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Shiono, 1984 Aarskog, 1975 3 BZD Coexposure   - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.23[0.01; 3.80]351,159 -NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1   - Not specified  - Not specified 3.29[0.72; 15.01]14386544%NAShiono, 1984 Aarskog, 1975 2 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.23[0.01; 3.80]351,159 -NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1 All studiesAll studies 1.65[0.28; 9.92]1782,02461%NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Shiono, 1984 Aarskog, 1975 30.120.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15649

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.87[0.36; 9.72]6072,02455%NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Shiono, 1984 Aarskog, 1975 3 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls Out of scale0.23[0.01; 3.80]351,159 -NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 10.510.01.0