Clonazepam (Psy and Mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17718
R74732
Christensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024 Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.22 [1.02;1.45] 164/1,019   443,851/4,445,621 444,015 1,019
ref
S15674
R64715
Coste (Indications other than epilepsy), 2020 Small for gestational age (weight) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) 1.35 [1.14;1.59] C 159/1,246   167,376/1,710,441 167,535 1,246
ref
Total 2 studies 1.29 [1.14;1.45] 611,550 2,265
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Christensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024Christensen, 2024 1 1.22[1.02; 1.45]444,0151,01947%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Coste (Indications other than epilepsy), 2020Coste, 2020 2 1.35[1.14; 1.59]167,5351,24653%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.29[1.14; 1.45]611,5502,2650.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Indications other than epilepsy; 2: Indications other than epilepsy;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.29[1.14; 1.45]611,5502,2650%NAChristensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Indications other than epilepsy), 2020 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.29[1.14; 1.45]611,5502,2650%NAChristensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Indications other than epilepsy), 2020 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.35[1.14; 1.59]167,5351,246 -NACoste (Indications other than epilepsy), 2020 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.22[1.02; 1.45]444,0151,019 -NAChristensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024 1 BZD Coexposure   - No (among antiseizure medications)  - No (among antiseizure medications) 1.29[1.14; 1.45]611,5502,2650%NAChristensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Indications other than epilepsy), 2020 2 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.22[1.02; 1.45]444,0151,019 -NAChristensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 1.29[1.14; 1.45]611,5502,2650%NAChristensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Indications other than epilepsy), 2020 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.29[1.14; 1.45]611,5502,2650%NAChristensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Indications other than epilepsy), 2020 20.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Veroniki a (NMA) (Clonazepam) (All indication ...Veroniki a (NMA) (Clonazepam) (All indications) (Prenatal growth restriction) 1.15[0.59; 2.06]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT-9 metaPregmetaPreg 1.29[1.14; 1.45]0%2,265----Christensen (Indications other than epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Indications other than epilepsy), 2020 20.510.01.0