Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Macrosomia (> 4000g)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15584
R64107		 Coste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 Weight at birth (≥3500 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) 0.86 [0.76;0.97] C 378/1,246   577,097/1,710,441 577,475 1,246
ref
S15319
R63021		 Freeman - BZDs, 2018 High birth weight (birth weight > 4000 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.94 [0.38;2.30] 11/112   47/398 58 112
ref
Total 2 studies 0.86 [0.76;0.97] 577,533 1,358
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Coste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020Coste - Clonazepam, 2020 1 0.86[0.76; 0.97]577,4751,24698%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Freeman - BZDs, 2018Freeman - BZDs, 2018 0.94[0.38; 2.30]581122%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.86[0.76; 0.97]577,5331,3580.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Mixed indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.86[0.76; 0.97]577,5331,3580%NACoste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 Freeman - BZDs, 2018 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.86[0.76; 0.97]577,4751,246 -NACoste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.94[0.38; 2.31]58112 -NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.86[0.76; 0.97]577,4751,246 -NACoste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.94[0.38; 2.31]58112 -NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 1 BZD Coexposure   - No (among antiseizure medications)  - No (among antiseizure medications) 0.86[0.76; 0.97]577,4751,246 -NACoste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.94[0.38; 2.31]58112 -NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 1 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.94[0.38; 2.31]58112 -NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 1 All studiesAll studies 0.86[0.76; 0.97]577,5331,3580%NACoste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 Freeman - BZDs, 2018 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.86[0.76; 0.97]577,4751,246 -NACoste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.94[0.38; 2.31]58112 -NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 10.510.01.0