Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (< 3 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15524
R63791		 Oberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004 Mental developmental index from Bayley scales of infant development - At 8 months during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Co-administration extrapolated (cont. endpoint) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 2.14 [0.69;6.63]
excluded (control group) 		-/18   -/23 - 18
ref
S15525
R63797		 Oberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Mental developmental index from Bayley scales of infant development - At 8 months during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Co-administration extrapolated (cont. endpoint) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 2.96 [0.99;8.90] -/18   -/28 - 18
ref
S15481
R63649		 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 General development quotient (GQ) - The Griffiths' Mental Developmental Scale I - At 18 months throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) extrapolated (cont. endpoint) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 3.63 [1.12;11.74] -/16   -/25 - 16
ref
Total 2 studies 3.26 [1.46;7.26] 0 34
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Oberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004Oberlander - Clonazepam, 2004 1 2.96[0.99; 8.90]-1853%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: unclearROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Viggedal - BZDs, 1993Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 3.63[1.12; 11.74]-1647%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 3.26[1.46; 7.26]-340.910.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 3.26[1.46; 7.26]-340%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 3.63[1.12; 11.75]-16 -NAViggedal - BZDs, 1993 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 2.96[0.99; 8.88]-18 -NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.26[1.46; 7.26]-340%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 2 BZD Coexposure   - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 3.63[1.12; 11.75]-16 -NAViggedal - BZDs, 1993 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 2.96[0.99; 8.88]-18 -NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 1 Co-administrationCo-administration 2.96[0.99; 8.88]-18 -NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 1 extrapolated (cont. endpoint)extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 3.26[1.46; 7.26]-340%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 2 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 3.26[1.46; 7.26]-340%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 2 All studiesAll studies 3.26[1.46; 7.26]-340%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15524

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.76[1.22; 6.23]-340%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 2.96[0.99; 8.88]-18 -NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 10.510.01.0