Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Risk

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15471
R63749		 Lupattelli - BZDs, 2019 Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms - Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised (12 items) - Median age of 5.1 years (interquartile range, 5.0-5.3 years) late pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.34 [1.02;1.77] -/23   -/- - 23
ref
S15481
R63658		 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 Short attention span - A neuropsychological 3-point scale - At 18 months throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 5.23 [0.87;31.32] C 5/16   2/25 7 16
ref
Total 2 studies 1.96 [0.59;6.50] 7 39
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Lupattelli - BZDs, 2019Lupattelli - BZDs, 2019 1.34[1.02; 1.77]-2372%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Viggedal - BZDs, 1993Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 5.23[0.87; 31.32]71628%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 54% 1.96[0.59; 6.50]7390.520.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.96[0.59; 6.50]73954%NALupattelli - BZDs, 2019 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 5.23[0.87; 31.32]716 -NAViggedal - BZDs, 1993 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.34[1.02; 1.77]-23 -NALupattelli - BZDs, 2019 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 5.23[0.87; 31.32]716 -NAViggedal - BZDs, 1993 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.34[1.02; 1.77]-23 -NALupattelli - BZDs, 2019 1 BZD Coexposure   - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 5.23[0.87; 31.32]716 -NAViggedal - BZDs, 1993 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.34[1.02; 1.77]-23 -NALupattelli - BZDs, 2019 1 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.96[0.59; 6.50]73954%NALupattelli - BZDs, 2019 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 2 All studiesAll studies 1.96[0.59; 6.50]73954%NALupattelli - BZDs, 2019 Viggedal - BZDs, 1993 20.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 5.23[0.87; 31.32]716 -NAViggedal - BZDs, 1993 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.34[1.02; 1.77]-23 -NALupattelli - BZDs, 2019 10.510.01.0