Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Psychomotor developmental disorders/delay

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15524
R63789
Oberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004 Psychomotor developmental index from Bayley scales of infant development - At 8 months during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Co-administration extrapolated (cont. endpoint) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 2.18 [0.70;6.78]
excluded (control group)
-/18   -/23 - 18
ref
S15525
R63795
Oberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Psychomotor developmental index from Bayley scales of infant development - At 8 months during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Co-administration extrapolated (cont. endpoint) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.73 [0.25;2.15] -/18   -/28 - 18
ref
S15570
R64093
Mortensen - BZDs, 2003 Psychomotor development - Abnormal Boel test in one or more of the 14 items - Children aged 7–10 months during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 7.70 [3.00;19.30] 12/82   31/755 43 82
ref
S15309
R62983
Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 Posture and motility - Touwen assessment - At 18 months of age throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) extrapolated (cont. endpoint) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 5.54 [1.68;18.28] -/16   -/26 - 16
ref
Total 3 studies 3.17 [0.73;13.75] 43 116
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Oberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004Oberlander - Clonazepam, 2004 1 0.73[0.25; 2.15]-1833%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: unclearROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Mortensen - BZDs, 2003Mortensen - BZDs, 2003 7.70[3.00; 19.30]438235%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 5.54[1.68; 18.28]-1632%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 83% 3.17[0.73; 13.75]431160.220.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 3.17[0.73; 13.75]4311683%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Mortensen - BZDs, 2003 Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 6.80[3.26; 14.16]43980%NAMortensen - BZDs, 2003 Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.73[0.25; 2.14]-18 -NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.98[0.27; 14.40]-3484%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 2   - Yes  - Yes 7.70[3.04; 19.53]4382 -NAMortensen - BZDs, 2003 1 BZD Coexposure   - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 5.54[1.68; 18.27]-16 -NALaegreid b - BZDs, 1992 1   - Not specified  - Not specified 7.70[3.04; 19.53]4382 -NAMortensen - BZDs, 2003 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.73[0.25; 2.14]-18 -NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 1 Co-administrationCo-administration 0.73[0.25; 2.14]-18 -NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 1 extrapolated (cont. endpoint)extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 1.98[0.27; 14.40]-3484%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 2 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.98[0.27; 14.40]-3484%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 2 All studiesAll studies 3.17[0.73; 13.75]4311683%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Mortensen - BZDs, 2003 Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 30.220.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15524

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 4.74[2.24; 10.03]4311631%NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004 Mortensen - BZDs, 2003 Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 3 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.73[0.25; 2.14]-18 -NAOberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 10.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Veroniki - Clobazam (Psychomotor developmenta ...Veroniki - Clobazam (Psychomotor developmental dealy) 2.81[0.21; 22.20]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT-9 Veroniki - Clonazepam (Psychomotor developmen ...Veroniki - Clonazepam (Psychomotor developmental dealy) 2.23[0.47; 9.62]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT-9 metaPregmetaPreg 3.17[0.73; 13.75]83%116----Oberlander - Clonazepam (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Mortensen - BZDs, 2003 Laegreid b - BZDs, 1992 30.510.01.0