Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Polydactyly

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15587
R64148		 Källén - BZDs, 2013 Poly- or syndactyly early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 0.65 [0.18;1.67] 4/2,537   -/1,575,847 - 2,537
ref
S15535
R63823		 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Poly/syndactyly 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Matched 1.10 [0.60;1.80] -/-   1,739/- - -
ref
S17769
R75100		 Robert - BZDs, 1994 Polydactyly 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 1.64 [0.40;4.60] 4/-   -/- - -
ref
Total 3 studies 1.06 [0.67;1.68] 0 2,537
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Källén - BZDs, 2013Källén - BZDs, 2013 0.65[0.18; 1.67]-2,53717%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1.10[0.60; 1.80]--69%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Robert - BZDs, 1994Robert - BZDs, 1994 1.64[0.40; 4.60]--14%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 1.06[0.67; 1.68]-2,5370.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.65[0.21; 1.98]-2,537 -NAKällén - BZDs, 2013 1 case control studiescase control studies 1.18[0.71; 1.94]--0%NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Robert - BZDs, 1994 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.06[0.67; 1.68]-2,5370%NAKällén - BZDs, 2013 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Robert - BZDs, 1994 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.64[0.48; 5.56]-- -NARobert - BZDs, 1994 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.99[0.61; 1.62]-2,5370%NAKällén - BZDs, 2013 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 1.00[0.40; 2.46]-2,53717%NAKällén - BZDs, 2013 Robert - BZDs, 1994 2   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.10[0.64; 1.91]-- -NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1 MatchedMatched 1.10[0.64; 1.91]-- -NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 1.06[0.67; 1.68]-2,5370%NAKällén - BZDs, 2013 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Robert - BZDs, 1994 30.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.06[0.67; 1.68]1,7302,5370%NAKällén - BZDs, 2013 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Robert - BZDs, 1994 30.510.01.0