Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Gastroschisis

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15464
R63602		 Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Gastroschisis 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) 3.93 [0.25;63.09] C 0/980   243/1,875,733 243 980
ref
S15593
R64238		 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Gastroschisis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.30 [0.70;2.70] 10/91   1,390/12,842 1,400 91
ref
S15535
R63833		 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Exomphalos /gastroschisis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Matched 0.90 [0.30;2.80] -/-   238/- - -
ref
Total 3 studies 1.24 [0.70;2.18] 1,643 1,071
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019Blotière - Clonazepam, 2019 1 3.93[0.25; 63.09]2439804%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tinker - BZDs, 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019 1.30[0.70; 2.70]1,4009170%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 0.90[0.30; 2.80]--26%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 1.24[0.70; 2.18]1,6431,0710.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Other indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 3.93[0.25; 63.09]243980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1 case control studiescase control studies 1.18[0.66; 2.10]1,400910%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.24[0.70; 2.18]1,6431,0710%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.93[0.25; 63.09]243980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.18[0.66; 2.10]1,400910%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 BZD Coexposure   - No (among antiseizure medications)  - No (among antiseizure medications) 3.93[0.25; 63.09]243980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.18[0.66; 2.10]1,400910%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 MatchedMatched 0.90[0.29; 2.75]-- -NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 1.24[0.70; 2.18]1,6431,0710%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 30.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.24[0.70; 2.18]1,8721,0710%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 30.510.01.0