Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15464
R63597		 Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Atresia of esophagus 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) 4.90 [0.10;27.40] 1/980   392/1,875,733 393 980
ref
S15593
R64212		 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Esophageal atresia/stenosis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.70 [0.90;3.30] 11/92   742/12,194 753 92
ref
S15535
R63824		 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Esophageal atresia/stenosis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Matched 2.10 [0.50;8.50] -/-   223/- - -
ref
S15363
R63203		 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 Oesophageal atresia 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 2.12 [0.25;18.05] C 1/16   8/262 9 16
ref
Total 4 studies 1.86 [1.06;3.25] 1,155 1,088
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019Blotière - Clonazepam, 2019 1 4.90[0.10; 27.40]3939804%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tinker - BZDs, 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019 1.70[0.90; 3.30]7539274%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2.10[0.50; 8.50]--16%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Safra - Diazepam, 1975Safra - Diazepam, 1975 2.12[0.25; 18.05]9167%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 0% 1.86[1.06; 3.25]1,1551,0880.510.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Other indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 4.90[0.30; 81.11]393980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1 case control studiescase control studies 1.79[1.01; 3.16]7621080%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 3 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.86[1.06; 3.25]1,1551,0880%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 4 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.88[0.53; 15.84]4029960%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.76[0.98; 3.18]753920%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 BZD Coexposure   - No (among antiseizure medications)  - No (among antiseizure medications) 4.90[0.30; 81.11]393980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1   - Not specified  - Not specified 2.12[0.25; 18.05]916 -NASafra - Diazepam, 1975 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.76[0.98; 3.18]753920%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 MatchedMatched 2.10[0.51; 8.66]-- -NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 1.86[1.06; 3.25]1,1551,0880%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 40.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-3.44.01.7180.000Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003Safra - Diazepam, 1975

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.86[1.06; 3.25]1,3691,0880%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 40.510.01.0