Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15464
R63598		 Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Anorectal atresia 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) 1.76 [0.11;28.16] C 0/980   544/1,875,733 544 980
ref
S15593
R64213		 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Anorectal atresia/stenosis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.70 [0.30;1.70] 6/87   1,060/12,512 1,066 87
ref
S15502
R63702		 Bonnot - Lorazepam, 2003 Anal atresias 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 6.19 [2.44;15.74] 5/-   237/- 242 -
ref
S15535
R63825		 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Rectal/anal atresia/stenosis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Matched 5.20 [1.40;19.70] -/-   229/- - -
ref
S15363
R63205		 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 Rectal and anal atresia 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 0.52 [0.03;9.02] C 0/16   15/262 15 16
ref
Total 5 studies 2.14 [0.65;7.05] 1,867 1,083
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019Blotière - Clonazepam, 2019 1 1.76[0.11; 28.16]54498012%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tinker - BZDs, 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019 0.70[0.30; 1.70]1,0668727%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Bonnot - Lorazepam, 2003Bonnot - Lorazepam, 2003 6.19[2.44; 15.74]242-27%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: criticalROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: critical Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 5.20[1.40; 19.70]--23%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Safra - Diazepam, 1975Safra - Diazepam, 1975 0.52[0.03; 9.02]151611%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (5 studies) I2 = 72% 2.14[0.65; 7.05]1,8671,0830.220.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Other indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.76[0.11; 28.16]544980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1 case control studiescase control studies 2.17[0.56; 8.42]1,32310379%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Bonnot - Lorazepam, 2003 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 4 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.14[0.65; 7.05]1,8671,08372%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Bonnot - Lorazepam, 2003 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 5 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.97[0.13; 7.11]5599960%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 2   - Yes  - Yes 2.73[0.61; 12.31]1,3088785%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Bonnot - Lorazepam, 2003 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 3 BZD Coexposure   - No (among antiseizure medications)  - No (among antiseizure medications) 1.76[0.11; 28.16]544980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1   - Not specified  - Not specified 2.62[0.26; 26.60]2571662%NABonnot - Lorazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 2   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.79[0.25; 12.71]1,0668784%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 MatchedMatched 5.20[1.39; 19.51]-- -NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 2.14[0.65; 7.05]1,8671,08372%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Bonnot - Lorazepam, 2003 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 50.220.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-3.44.21.7530.000Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019Bonnot - Lorazepam, 2003Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003Safra - Diazepam, 1975

Asymetry test p-value = 0.9313 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.8980 (1.4506); intercept=-0.2164 (2.3115); t=0.0936; p=0.9313

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.14[0.65; 7.05]2,0871,08372%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Bonnot - Lorazepam, 2003 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 50.510.01.0