Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Omphalocele

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15464
R63603		 Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Omphalocele 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) 3.59 [0.22;57.63] C 0/980   266/1,875,733 266 980
ref
S15593
R64237		 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Omphalocele 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.00 [0.30;3.10] 3/84   431/11,883 434 84
ref
S15363
R63206		 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 Omphalocele 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 0.45 [0.03;7.82] C 0/16   17/262 17 16
ref
Total 3 studies 1.07 [0.39;2.93] 717 1,080
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019Blotière - Clonazepam, 2019 1 3.59[0.22; 57.63]26698013%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tinker - BZDs, 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019 1.00[0.30; 3.10]4348474%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Safra - Diazepam, 1975Safra - Diazepam, 1975 0.45[0.03; 7.82]171612%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 1.07[0.39; 2.93]7171,0800.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Other indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 3.59[0.22; 57.63]266980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1 case control studiescase control studies 0.89[0.30; 2.63]4511000%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.07[0.39; 2.93]7171,0800%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.07[0.39; 2.93]7171,0800%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 3 BZD Coexposure   - No (among antiseizure medications)  - No (among antiseizure medications) 3.59[0.22; 57.63]266980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1   - Not specified  - Not specified 0.45[0.03; 7.82]1716 -NASafra - Diazepam, 1975 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.00[0.31; 3.21]43484 -NATinker - BZDs, 2019 1 All studiesAll studies 1.07[0.39; 2.93]7171,0800%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 30.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.07[0.39; 2.93]7171,0800%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 30.510.01.0