Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Neural Tube Defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15593
R64203		 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Any neural tube defect 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.00 [0.60;1.80] 14/95   2,091/13,543 2,105 95
ref
S15535
R63819		 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Neural tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Matched 1.30 [0.80;2.00] -/-   1,201/- - -
ref
S15363
R63199		 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 Neural tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 0.25 [0.03;1.90] C 1/16   56/262 57 16
ref
Total 3 studies 1.08 [0.69;1.68] 2,162 111
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Tinker - BZDs, 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019 1.00[0.60; 1.80]2,1059542%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1.30[0.80; 2.00]--53%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Safra - Diazepam, 1975Safra - Diazepam, 1975 0.25[0.03; 1.90]57165%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 26% 1.08[0.69; 1.68]2,1621110.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.08[0.69; 1.68]2,16211126%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 3 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.08[0.69; 1.68]2,16211126%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.25[0.03; 1.90]5716 -NASafra - Diazepam, 1975 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.17[0.82; 1.66]2,105950%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 0.25[0.03; 1.90]5716 -NASafra - Diazepam, 1975 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.17[0.82; 1.66]2,105950%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 MatchedMatched 1.30[0.82; 2.06]-- -NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 1.08[0.69; 1.68]2,16211126%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 30.15.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.08[0.69; 1.68]3,35411126%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Safra - Diazepam, 1975 30.510.01.0