Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Cardiac septal defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15381
R63390
Noh - BZDs, 2022 Cardiac septum malformations 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 1.13 [1.07;1.20] 1,244/40,846   66,967/3,053,381 68,211 40,846
ref
S15593
R64180
Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Septal congenital heart defect 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.00 [0.60;1.50] 34/115   4,639/16,091 4,673 115
ref
Total 2 studies 1.13 [1.07;1.19] 72,884 40,961
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Noh - BZDs, 2022Noh - BZDs, 2022 1.13[1.07; 1.20]68,21140,84698%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: low Tinker - BZDs, 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019 1.00[0.60; 1.50]4,6731152%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.13[1.07; 1.19]72,88440,9610.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.13[1.07; 1.20]68,21140,846 -NANoh - BZDs, 2022 1 case control studiescase control studies 1.00[0.63; 1.58]4,673115 -NATinker - BZDs, 2019 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.00[0.63; 1.58]4,673115 -NATinker - BZDs, 2019 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.13[1.07; 1.20]68,21140,846 -NANoh - BZDs, 2022 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.13[1.07; 1.19]72,88440,9610%NANoh - BZDs, 2022 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 2 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 1.13[1.07; 1.20]68,21140,846 -NANoh - BZDs, 2022 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.00[0.63; 1.58]4,673115 -NATinker - BZDs, 2019 1 All studiesAll studies 1.13[1.07; 1.19]72,88440,9610%NANoh - BZDs, 2022 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.00[0.63; 1.58]4,673115 -NATinker - BZDs, 2019 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.13[1.07; 1.20]68,21140,846 -NANoh - BZDs, 2022 10.510.01.0